Lipopolysaccharide, a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and coronary artery disease

Liljestrand, John M.; Paju, Susanna; Buhlin, Kåre; Persson, G. Rutger; Sarna, Seppo; Nieminen, Markku S.; Sinisalo, Juha; Mäntylä, Päivi; Pussinen, Pirkko J.

doi:10.1111/jcpe.12751

Cited by 60 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Therefore, LPS is considered a molecular link between the microbiome and cardiometabolic disorders . For example, salivary LPS has been shown to correlate with serum LPS activity, and this association was enhanced when periodontal disease was present . This finding supports the logic that an abundance of oral gram‐negative bacteria increases local levels of proinflammatory LPS molecules, which are – one way or the other – dispersed into the circulation, ultimately increasing the risk of CAD .…”

Section: Lipopolysaccharide As a Mediatormentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The salivary bacterial concentration is approximately 10 9 colony‐forming units (CFUs) per ml, and approximately 1 l of saliva is swallowed per day . Saliva contains large amounts of LPS and its biological activity is 10,000‐fold higher than that of serum . In vitro experiments suggest that LPS retains its biological activity following protease or low‐pH treatment, thereby possibly contributing to TLR stimulation of the small intestine .…”

Section: Lipopolysaccharide As a Mediatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro experiments suggest that LPS retains its biological activity following protease or low‐pH treatment, thereby possibly contributing to TLR stimulation of the small intestine . The relative amount of 70 different subgingival bacterial species was recently correlated with salivary LPS activity . Interestingly, only the abundance of typical gram‐negative oral residents, especially classical periodontal pathogens, seemed to have a high relative impact on salivary LPS activity .…”

Section: Lipopolysaccharide As a Mediatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative amount of 70 different subgingival bacterial species was recently correlated with salivary LPS activity . Interestingly, only the abundance of typical gram‐negative oral residents, especially classical periodontal pathogens, seemed to have a high relative impact on salivary LPS activity .…”

Section: Lipopolysaccharide As a Mediatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases

Pietiäinen

Liljestrand

Kopra

et al. 2018

European J Oral Sciences

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Clinical periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through systemic inflammation as the etiopathogenic link. Whether the oral microbiota, especially its quality, quantity, serology, and virulence factors, plays a role in atherogenesis is not clarified. Patients with periodontitis are exposed to bacteria and their products, which have access to the circulation directly through inflamed oral tissues and indirectly (via saliva) through the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in systemic inflammatory and immunologic responses. Periodontitis is associated with persistent endotoxemia, which has been identified as a notable cardiometabolic risk factor. The serology of bacterial biomarkers for oral dysbiosis is associated with an increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis, prevalent and future coronary artery disease, and incident and recurrent stroke. In addition to species-specific antibodies, the immunologic response includes persistent, cross-reactive, proatherogenic antibodies against host-derived antigens. Periodontitis may affect lipoprotein metabolism at all levels, and all lipoprotein classes are affected. Periodontitis or its bacterial signatures may be involved not only in increased storage of proatherogenic lipids but also in attenuation of the anti-atherogenic processes, thereby putatively increasing the net risk of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarize possible molecular mediators between the dysbiotic oral microbiota and atherosclerotic processes.

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Section: Lipopolysaccharide As a Mediatormentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Lipopolysaccharide As a Mediatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lipopolysaccharide As a Mediatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lipopolysaccharide As a Mediatormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases

Pietiäinen

Liljestrand

Kopra

et al. 2018

European J Oral Sciences

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“…Periodontal diagnosis was defined as "healthy" (no ABL and BOP<25%, n ¼ 46), "gingivitis" (no ABL and BOP!25%, n ¼ 65), "history of periodontitis" (mild-severe ABL and BOP<25%, n ¼ 92) and "active periodontitis" (mild-severe ABL, BOP!25%, n ¼ 269). These definitions for the periodontal diagnosis have been reported earlier [23]. Edentulous subjects (n ¼ 33) lack periodontal diagnosis.…”

Section: Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Immunologic burden links periodontitis to acute coronary syndrome

et al. 2018

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“Periodontal ligament‐on‐chip” as a Novel Tool for Studies on the Physiology and Pathology of Periodontal Tissues

Svanberg,

Hirth,

Mitsiadis

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Teeth exert fundamental physiological functions, such as mastication and speech, and are a key feature of oral health that affects life quality. Teeth are anchored to the alveolar bone via the periodontal ligament, which provides stability to the teeth and absorbs mechanical stresses during mastication. Periodontal infection leads to periodontitis, a severe inflammation of the supporting soft tissues that ultimately cause tooth loss. Despite the pressing need of periodontal regeneration for improved oral care, efficient in vitro models of the periodontal tissues are still missing, thus hampering the development of novel, faster, and more effective therapy modalities. Herein, a novel “periodontal ligament (PDL)‐on‐chip” model that integrates patient‐derived periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and endothelial cells is introduced. This microfluidic platform provides optimal conditions for the formation of extensive and perfusable vascular networks. Furthermore, PDLCs elicit blood vessels’ development and maturation while establishing close contacts with the endothelial cells. Potential applications for inflammatory periodontal diseases are also successfully displayed in the “PDL‐on‐chip” by stimulating inflammation and detecting inflammatory cytokines. This work offers a cornerstone for more complex and specialized microfluidic dental models, which are necessary to unravel complex oral diseases that affect individuals’ general health that go beyond the field of dentistry.

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Lipopolysaccharide, a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and coronary artery disease

Abstract: In particular in periodontitis patients, subgingival microbial burden contributes to endotoxemia. LPS is a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and CAD.

Cited by 60 publications

References 44 publications

Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases

Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases

Immunologic burden links periodontitis to acute coronary syndrome

“Periodontal ligament‐on‐chip” as a Novel Tool for Studies on the Physiology and Pathology of Periodontal Tissues

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