Saliva as a Diagnostic Fluid

Malamud, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.cden.2010.08.004

Cited by 380 publications

(336 citation statements)

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“…That is why saliva is gaining popularity as a source of data. It is regarded as a valuable biomarker providing information about oral and systemic human health [35,36].…”

Section: Salivary Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Oral Diseases

et al. 2016

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MMPs are significant in the physiological processes of embryo development, wound healing and differentiation related to tissue remodeling. However, the overexpression of several MMPs is involved in tumor invasion, metastasis, disregulated angiogenesis, inflammation and even cell destruction [1,[5][6][7][8][9]. MMP SubfamiliesThe first metalloproteinase was discovered in 1962 during a study of the ECM degradation re- The Role of MMPsMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of structurally related zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that are known known to play a key role in the catabolic turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Research studies to date have indicated that MMPs regulate the activity of several non-ECM bioactive substrates, including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and cell receptors, which determine the tissue microenvironment. These activities are implicated in a number of essential physiopathological processes AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of structurally related zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that are known to play a key role in the catabolic turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Research studies to date have indicated that MMPs regulate the activity of several non-ECM bioactive substrates, including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and cell receptors, which determine the tissue microenvironment. Disruption of the balance between the concentration of active matalloproteinases and their inhibitors (TIMPs) may lead to pathological changes associated with uncontrolled ECM turnover, tissue remodeling, inflammatory response, cell growth and migration. This brief review presents some information on MMPs' role in inflammatory, metabolic and cancer abnormalities related to the salivary glands, as well as MMP-related aspects that lead to the formation of human dentinal caries lesions. In oral diseases, the most relevant biological fluid commonly used for diagnosing periodontal diseases is saliva. In diseased patients with significantly higher levels of MMPs in their saliva than healthy people, most extracellular matrix components undergo digestion to lower molecular weight forms. Conventional treatment successfully reduces the levels of MMPs inhibits the progressive breakdown of gingival and periodontal ligament collagens. Beside inflammatory abnormalities like Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a large group of disorders is comprised of cancers, most of them involving the parotid gland (Adv Clin Exp Med 2016, 25, 2, 383-390).

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“…That is why saliva is gaining popularity as a source of data. It is regarded as a valuable biomarker providing information about oral and systemic human health [35,36].…”

Section: Salivary Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Oral Diseases

et al. 2016

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“…However, the use of saliva and other oral samples for the diagnostic purposes have overcome these problems. Malamud [4] Role of saliva has been of value in systemic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, where a decrease in flow rate and significant increase in sodium concentration has been reported to occur in minor salivary glands. Recently the studies have confirmed that oral tests for detection of antibodies to the HIV is as sensitive and specific as blood tests.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Systemic and Local Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral biomarkers like oncogenes (C-myc, c-Fos, C-Jun), antioncogenes (p53, p16), cytokines (transforming growth factor, interleukins, growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor), epithelial mesenchymal transition factors( E-cadherin, N-cadherin). [4,5] Recently certain salivary biomarkers such as tumor suppressor p53, carcinoma antigen CA15-3 and oncogene c-erB2 have found to be associated with non oral malignancies such as salivary gland adenomas and breast cancer subjects. Other salivary biomarker such as 4 mRNA is also used to differentiate pancreatic carcinoma subjects from pancreatitis and control subjects.…”

Section: Oral and Non Oral Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An experimental assay was also developed by some authors using genetically determined oligosaccharide profiles present on salivary glycoprotein for caries risk assessment for caries susceptibility. [3,4] Acute phase of tuberculosis can be diagnosed by detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the saliva by Polymerase chain reaction when the bacterial load is high. Chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers patients are being conveniently diagnosed by detecting Helicobacter pylori as it has tendency to binds to salivary mucins MUC-5B and MUC 7 secreted by the mucous and serous acinar cells of the seromucous salivary glands, respectively levels of which in turn could be used as an indicator for infection with H. pylori.…”

Section: Periodontitis and Oral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Saliva as Diagnostic Bio-Fluid- An Overview

Rathee

Bhoria

2014

Journal of Diagnostics

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“…It is a biological fluid that plays an important role in maintaining oral health. Saliva has both organic and inorganic components that perform various functions, such as maintaining oral pH balance and exerting antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial actions [1]. One advantage of using saliva as a diagnostic tool is the diversity of its components and functions, in addition to the non-invasive manner of obtaining samples [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associação entre a diminuição do nível de ferro salivar e a experiência de cárie em crianças

Buche¹,

Gusso²,

Torres³

et al. 2017

Rev. Odonto Ciênc. (Online)

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OBJECTIVE: Human saliva has numerous components that are important for maintaining oral health. We investigated the association between iron levels in saliva in children and their caries experience. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study that included 186 healthy children, aged 11-14 years. The decayed-filled teeth/decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) score was estimated according to the Brazilian Oral Health Project. The children were divided into two groups: caries-free group (DMFT=0, n=55) and caries experience group (DMFT≥1, n=131). Saliva was collected from each child using the spitting method and analyzed for stimulated saliva flow (SSF), pH, and iron levels. The SSF, pH, and salivary iron levels were analyzed for statistical assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity and compared between groups. All of the statistical tests were performed using R and SPSS software, with a level of significance of 0.05. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in mean pH were found between groups (t=-0.0488, p=0.51). Children with caries experience had significantly lower salivary iron levels than caries-free children (w=5088, p<0.0001). The SSF values were significantly different between children with caries experience and children without caries (w=4198, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Salivary iron levels were significantly lower in children with dental caries experience, suggesting that salivary iron plays a role in maintaining oral health.Key words: Saliva; Salivary iron; Caries Associação entre a diminuição do nível de ferro salivar e a experiência de cárie em crianças RESUMO OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre os níveis de ferro na saliva das crianças e sua experiência de cárie. MÉTODOS: Realizamos um estudo caso-controle envolvendo 186 crianças saudáveis de 11 a 14 anos. O número de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPO-D) foi estimado de acordo com o Projeto Saúde Bucal Brasil (SBBrasil) e as crianças foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo sem cárie (CPO-D=0; n=55) e experiência Grupo de cárie (CPO-D≥1; n=131). A saliva foi coletada de cada indivíduo usando o método de cuspir e analisada quanto ao fluxo estimado de saliva (SSF), pH e concentração de ferro. As variáveis SSF, pH e ferro salivar foram analisadas pelos pressupostos estatísticos de normalidade e homocedasticidade e comparados entre os grupos. Todos os testes foram realizados utilizando os programas estatísticos R (R Core Team, 2016) e SPSS (IBM, EUA), assumindo um nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os meios de pH entre os grupos (t=-0,0488; p=0,51). Em relação ao ferro salivar, as crianças com experiência em cárie apresentaram valores significativamente mais baixos de ferro salivar do que aqueles que não apresentavam caries (w=5088; p<0,0001). Além disso, os valores de SSF foram diferentes entre as crianças com experiência de cárie e aqueles sem cárie (w=4198; p=0,03). CONCLUSÃO: os níveis de ferro salivar foram estatisticamente inferiores em crianças com cárie den...

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Saliva as a Diagnostic Fluid

Cited by 380 publications

References 130 publications

The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Oral Diseases

The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Oral Diseases

Application of Saliva as Diagnostic Bio-Fluid- An Overview

Associação entre a diminuição do nível de ferro salivar e a experiência de cárie em crianças

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