Saliva and serum biomarkers in periodontitis and coronary artery disease

Lahdentausta, Laura; Paju, Susanna; Mäntylä, Päivi; Buhlin, Kåre; Tervahartiala, Taina; Pietiäinen, Milla; Alfthan, Henrik; Nieminen, Markku S.; Sinisalo, Juha; Sorsa, Timo; Pussinen, Pirkko J.

doi:10.1111/jcpe.12976

Cited by 39 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The highest AUC‐values were observed in Model 2, in which time since cessation was taken into account, 0.76 ( p < 0.001), 0.74 ( p < 0.001), 0.70 ( p < 0.001), and 0.76 ( p < 0.001) for MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and MPO, respectively (Table ). There were only minor differences in sensitivities of biomarkers between different C‐statistics models using the set specificities . The most notable differences were observed in saliva MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1; model taking into account time since cessation improved the sensitivity to 0.72 (from 0.62) and 0.72 (from 0.59), respectively (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cardiac diagnoses were no coronary artery disease (CAD), stable CAD, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and “ACS‐like, no significant CAD” . The cardiac condition had minor effects on the concentrations of the selected biomarkers as presented in our earlier article …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…PAROGENE patients underwent coronary angiography in Helsinki University Hospital, and oral examination was performed on all patients . Concentrations of saliva biomarkers, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and MPO, were available for 480 patients from our earlier study …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensitivities were calculated according to the cut‐offs determined earlier . The reference C‐statistics model (Model 1) was adjusted for age, sex, cardiac status, and diabetes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading enzymes, and these proteases have been investigated abundantly in periodontal diseases. In our recent study we investigated saliva MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and MPO as biomarkers of periodontitis . MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and MPO measured in oral fluids are elevated, whereas significantly lower concentrations of saliva TIMP‐1 have been measured in patients with periodontitis compared with controls …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking confounds the periodontal diagnostics using saliva biomarkers

Lahdentausta

Paju

Mäntylä

et al. 2018

Journal of Periodontology

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Background Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease because of its complex impact on the inflammatory response in the periodontium. We investigated the effect of smoking on salivary periodontal biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8, MMP‐9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Methods Saliva biomarkers were analyzed in the Parogene population (n = 480) comprising a random cohort of patients that have undergone coronary angiography and oral examination. The effect of time since cessation and pack years of smoking on biomarkers were investigated. Results Saliva MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and MPO concentrations distinguished periodontitis patients significantly from patients without periodontitis. When the time since cessation was considered, the area‐under‐the‐curve values (p‐value) for periodontitis were 0.76 (<0.001), 0.74 (<0.001), 0.70 (<0.001), and 0.76 (<0.001), respectively. Adding information about smoking habits in the models improved slightly the sensitivities of all biomarkers. In logistic regression model saliva, MMP‐8 was mainly affected by pack years of smoking, whereas saliva MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and MPO were mostly affected by time since cessation, especially if smoking currently or quit recently (<1 year ago). Conclusion Smoking confounds the salivary diagnostics of periodontitis and should be considered when interpreting the results obtained by potential diagnostic tests.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensitivities were calculated according to the cut‐offs determined earlier . The reference C‐statistics model (Model 1) was adjusted for age, sex, cardiac status, and diabetes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking confounds the periodontal diagnostics using saliva biomarkers

Lahdentausta

Paju

Mäntylä

et al. 2018

Journal of Periodontology

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Effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on salivary and serum biomarkers in Stage III Grade B and C periodontitis

Görgülü

Dogan

2022

Journal of Periodontology

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Background This study aimed to evaluate the levels of total matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8), macrophage‐activating factors (MAF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), interleukin (IL)‐34 in saliva, and serum of periodontally healthy, periodontitis Stage III Grade B (P‐III‐B) and Grade C (P‐III‐C) participants and to compare the changes after non‐surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Methods A total of non‐smoker and systemically healthy 65 participants, 20 periodontally healthy, 20 P‐III‐B, and 25 P‐III‐C were recruited for the study. The periodontal parameters were recorded, saliva and serum samples were obtained from all participants at baseline. In periodontitis groups, the periodontal parameters were reevaluated, and the samples were recollected at 1 and 3 months following the NSPT. MMP‐8, MAF, MIP‐1α, M‐CSF, and IL‐34 levels were measured by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics curve was performed for estimating the area under the curve (AUC). Results All periodontal parameters were improved in periodontitis groups after NSPT (P < 0.05). Among tested molecules, salivary MMP‐8 and MAF were higher in both periodontitis groups compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05) at baseline and significantly decreased after NSPT (P < 0.05) to healthy levels or below. Salivary MMP‐8 had the highest diagnostic ability both for P‐III‐B (AUC:0.78 sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 80%) and P‐III‐C (AUC:0.88 sensitivity: 88%; specificity: 80%). Moreover, after adjusting for age, periodontitis groups were associated with salivary MMP‐8 and MAF levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion The present study showed that high salivary MMP‐8 and MAF levels were associated with non‐smoker, systemically healthy P‐III‐B and P‐III‐C. Moreover, NSPT was remarkably reduced their levels.

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