Salinity Stress in Arid and Semi-Arid Climates: Effects and Management in Field Crops

Hussain, Sajid; Shaukat, Muhammad; Ashraf, Muhammad; C, Zhu; Qian-yu, Jin; Zhang, Junhua

doi:10.5772/intechopen.87982

Cited by 127 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Salt stress causes severe oxidative stress to plants in addition to causing the osmotic stress linked with an increase in phytotoxic ions in the cytosol [74]. High salinity induces the formation of ROS, which can accumulate to cause membrane deterioration, lipid peroxidation, and DNA modification.…”

Section: Overexpression Of Osexpa7 Improved Oxidative Stress Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of Rice Expansin7 (Osexpa7) Confers Enhanced Tolerance to Salt Stress in Rice

Jadamba

Kang

Paek

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Expansins are key regulators of cell-wall extension and are also involved in the abiotic stress response. In this study, we evaluated the function of OsEXPA7 involved in salt stress tolerance. Phenotypic analysis showed that OsEXPA7 overexpression remarkably enhanced tolerance to salt stress. OsEXPA7 was highly expressed in the shoot apical meristem, root, and the leaf sheath. Promoter activity of OsEXPA7:GUS was mainly observed in vascular tissues of roots and leaves. Morphological analysis revealed structural alterations in the root and leaf vasculature of OsEXPA7 overexpressing (OX) lines. OsEXPA7 overexpression resulted in decreased sodium ion (Na+) and accumulated potassium ion (K+) in the leaves and roots. Under salt stress, higher antioxidant activity was also observed in the OsEXPA7-OX lines, as indicated by lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and increased antioxidant activity, when compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. In addition, transcriptional analysis using RNA-seq and RT-PCR revealed that genes involved in cation exchange, auxin signaling, cell-wall modification, and transcription were differentially expressed between the OX and WT lines. Notably, salt overly sensitive 1, which is a sodium transporter, was highly upregulated in the OX lines. These results suggest that OsEXPA7 plays an important role in increasing salt stress tolerance by coordinating sodium transport, ROS scavenging, and cell-wall loosening.

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Section: Overexpression Of Osexpa7 Improved Oxidative Stress Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of Rice Expansin7 (Osexpa7) Confers Enhanced Tolerance to Salt Stress in Rice

Jadamba

Kang

Paek

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…These hubs could play a principal role in the arid zones associated with spineless cacti. Indeed, several studies reported that these strains were often associated with deserts and biocrust habitats and their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions, such as high salt concentration, low relative humidity, and high UV radiation, has been described (Hussain et al, 2019;Pombubpa et al, 2019). Moreover, bacterial species related to these genera have been defined as endophytes associated with arid plants and some of them possess the ability to protect the host plants and promote their growth (Trujillo et al, 2015;Singh and Dubey, 2018).…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Assembly Of Microbial Communities In Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These zones are characterized by high temperatures and low precipitations, and they are probably the most threatened by desertification. Abiotic stress, including high and low temperature, water deficit (drought) and flooding, salinity, UV radiation, light, and poor nutrient soils, have a significant impact on soil fertility and subsequently on agricultural production in semi-arid and arid regions (Shahid and Al-Shankiti, 2013;Cuevas et al, 2019;Hussain et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic Aridity Gradient Modulates the Diversity of the Rhizosphere and Endosphere Bacterial Microbiomes of Opuntia ficus-indica

et al. 2020

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Recent microbiome research has shown that soil fertility, plant-associated microbiome, and crop production can be affected by abiotic environmental parameters. The effect of aridity gradient on rhizosphere-soil (rhizosphere) and endosphere-root (endosphere) prokaryotic structure and diversity associated with cacti remain poorly investigated and understood. In the current study, next-generation sequencing approaches were used to characterize the diversity and composition of bacteria and archaea associated with the rhizosphere and endosphere of Opuntia ficus-indica spineless cacti in four bioclimatic zones (humid, semi-arid, upper-arid, and lower-arid) in Tunisia. Our findings showed that bacterial and archaeal cactus microbiomes changed in inside and outside roots and along the aridity gradient. Plant compartment and aridity gradient were the influencing factors on the differentiation of microbial communities in rhizosphere and endosphere samples. The co-occurrence correlations between increased and decreased OTUs in rhizosphere and endosphere samples and soil parameters were determined according to the aridity gradient. Blastococcus, Geodermatophilus, Pseudonocardia, Promicromonospora, and Sphingomonas were identified as prevailing hubs and were considered as specific biomarkers taxa, which could play a crucial role on the aridity stress. Overall, our findings highlighted the prominence of the climatic aridity gradient on the equilibrium and diversity of microbial community composition in the rhizosphere and endosphere of cactus.

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“…Salinity stress is one of the major challenges threatening food security and restricting crop productivity [1][2][3][4]. This abiotic stress affects the agricultural sector on a global scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity Stress-Mediated Suppression of Expression of Salt Overly Sensitive Signaling Pathway Genes Suggests Negative Regulation by AtbZIP62 Transcription Factor in Arabidopsis thaliana

Kabange

Imran

Lee

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Salt stress is one of the most serious threats in plants, reducing crop yield and production. The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway in plants is a salt-responsive pathway that acts as a janitor of the cell to sweep out Na + ions. Transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of expression and/or repression of genes. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TF is a large family of TFs regulating various cellular processes in plants. In the current study, we investigated the role of the Arabidopsis thaliana bZIP62 TF in the regulation of SOS signaling pathway by measuring the transcript accumulation of its key genes such as SOS1, 2, and 3, in both wild-type (WT) and atbzip62 knock-out (KO) mutants under salinity stress. We further observed the activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in the wild-type, atbzip62, atcat2 (lacking catalase activity), and atnced3 (lacking 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase involved in the ABA pathway) KO mutants. Our findings revealed that atbzip62 plants exhibited an enhanced salt-sensitive phenotypic response similar to atnced3 and atcat2 compared to WT, 10 days after 150 mM NaCl treatment. Interestingly, the transcriptional levels of SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3 increased significantly over time in the atbzip62 upon NaCl application, while they were downregulated in the wild type. We also measured chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin a and b, total pheophytin, and total carotenoids. We observed that the atbzip62 exhibited an increase in chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents, as well as proline contents, while it exhibited a non-significant increase in catalase activity. Our results suggest that AtbZIP62 negatively regulates the transcriptional events of SOS pathway genes, AtbZIP18 and AtbZIP69 while modulating the antioxidant response to salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.

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Salinity Stress in Arid and Semi-Arid Climates: Effects and Management in Field Crops

Cited by 127 publications

References 90 publications

Overexpression of Rice Expansin7 (Osexpa7) Confers Enhanced Tolerance to Salt Stress in Rice

Overexpression of Rice Expansin7 (Osexpa7) Confers Enhanced Tolerance to Salt Stress in Rice

Climatic Aridity Gradient Modulates the Diversity of the Rhizosphere and Endosphere Bacterial Microbiomes of Opuntia ficus-indica

Salinity Stress-Mediated Suppression of Expression of Salt Overly Sensitive Signaling Pathway Genes Suggests Negative Regulation by AtbZIP62 Transcription Factor in Arabidopsis thaliana

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