Safety and efficacy of benzoic acid for pigs and poultry

Additives, Efsa Panel on; Rychen, Guido; Aquilina, Gabriele; Azimonti, Giovanna; Bampidis, Vasileios; Bastos, Maria de Lourdes; Bories, Georges; Chesson, Andrew; Cocconcelli, Pier Sandro; Flachowsky, Gerhard; Gropp, Jürgen; Kolar, Boris; Kouba, Maryline; López‐Alonso, Marta; Puente, Secundino López; Mayo, Baltasar; Ramos, Fernando; Saarela, Maria; Villa, Roberto Edoardo; Wallace, Robert John; Wester, Pieter; Martelli, Giovanna; Renshaw, Derek; López‐Gálvez, Gloria; Mantovani, Alberto

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5210

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…For example, Formic acid (FA) when added on to a sow's diet showed some improvement on reproductive parameters [16] and Luise et al [17] explained the beneficial effects of FA on intestinal microflora and carbon metabolism in sows. Contrary, the inclusion of benzoic acid in the corn-based diet of sow has shown no effect on backfat thickness (BFT) and average weaning live weight [18]. However, the effect of SA supplementation in the sow diet has not been initiated so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary salicylic acid supplementation on performance and blood metabolites of sows and their litters

Muhizi¹,

Cho²,

Palanisamy³

et al. 2022

J Anim Sci Technol

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The core intention to undertake this experiment for a period of 21 days is to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) supplemented diet on the performance and blood metabolites of sows and their litters. Sows weighing 208.5 ± 18.34kg and their neonates were used. From day 114 of gestation to 21st day of lactation(weaning), ten multiparous sows (n = 5/treatment) (Landrace x Yorkshire) were assigned randomly into one of two treatments: CON (basal diet) and TRT (CON + 0.05% SA). There was no significant difference in the body weight, backfat thickness, backfat loss, and body condition score in SA treated sows compared to sows fed the CON diet. However, the bodyweight of sow was dramatically reduced by an average of 16kg from farrowing to weaning time. The dietary inclusion of SA in the sow diet slightly improved the survival rate (p = 0.065) and showed a higher body weight (p = 0.009) in piglets. However, there was no significant difference in red blood cell, Fe, Hematocrit, and Hb concentrations between CON and TRT sows' groups, but the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) was significantly reduced in sows from the TRT group compared with the CON group from the beginning to weaning. The outcome of this trial shows that dietary addition of SA on sows diet from early lactation could increase the birth weight and TIBC of neonates at the end of the trial.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary salicylic acid supplementation on performance and blood metabolites of sows and their litters

Muhizi¹,

Cho²,

Palanisamy³

et al. 2022

J Anim Sci Technol

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Comparative effects of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate in diets for nursery pigs on growth performance and acidification of digesta and urine

Choi

Chen

Longo

et al. 2023

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative effects of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate in feeds on digesta pH, urinary pH, and growth performance for nursery pigs. A total of 432 pigs (6.9 ± 0.9 kg BW) were assigned to 8 treatments (6 pigs/pen, replication = 9) in a randomized complete block design with initial BW as a block and fed for 41 d in 3 phases (7/17/17 d, respectively). Treatments were 1) a basal diet (NC), 2) NC + 0.25% bacitracin methylene disalicylate (antibiotic; bacitracin: 250 g/t feed; PC), 3) NC + 0.25% benzoic acid, 4) NC + 0.35% benzoic acid, 5) NC + 0.50% benzoic acid, 6) NC + 0.30% sodium benzoate, 7) NC + 0.40% sodium benzoate, and 8) NC + 0.60% sodium benzoate. Growth performance and fecal scores were measured for each phase. One gilt representing the median BW of each pen was euthanized to collect digesta from the stomach, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, and cecum, and urine. The PC tended to improve ADG in phase 1 (P = 0.052) and phase 2 (P = 0.093) as well as ADFI in phase 2 (P = 0.052). Overall, increasing supplemental benzoic acid tended to have a quadratic effect on ADG (P = 0.094), but no difference in ADFI was observed. Increasing supplemental sodium benzoate showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on ADG and linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADFI. Urinary pH linearly decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing supplemental benzoic acid, but was not affected by supplemental sodium benzoate. Increasing supplemental benzoic acid or sodium benzoate linearly increased (P < 0.05) benzoic acid content in digesta of the stomach. Increasing supplemental benzoic acid or sodium benzoate also linearly increased (P < 0.05) urinary hippuric acid. However, the PC did not decrease urinary pH or increase urinary benzoic acid and hippuric acid. With slope-ratio assay using ADG and urinary hippuric acid as dependent variables and benzoic acid intake as an independent variable, the relative bioavailability of benzoic acid compared to sodium benzoate was not different. In conclusion, supplementation of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate could improve the growth performance of nursery pigs. The relative bioavailability of sodium benzoate to benzoic acid of nursery pigs did not differ based on body weight gain and urinary hippuric acid.

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Safety and efficacy of benzoic acid for pigs and poultry

Additives¹,

Rychen²,

Aquilina³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of benzoic acid as feed flavouring for piglets (suckling, weaned), pigs for fattening, sows (for reproduction, in order to have benefit in piglets), minor porcine species, chickens (for fattening, reared for laying), hens (laying, breeding), turkeys (for fattening, for breeding purposes, reared for breeding) and minor poultry species. Benzoic acid is safe for weaned piglets at 2,500 mg/kg feed, and for laying hens, turkeys and chickens for fattening at 500 mg/kg feed; no conclusions could be drawn for suckling piglets and sows. The conclusions on weaned piglets can be extended to pigs for fattening and extrapolated to growing minor porcine species. The conclusions on chickens/turkeys for fattening can be extended to chickens reared for laying and turkeys reared for breeding and extrapolated to minor poultry species up to the point of lay. In the absence of safety margin in laying hens, no conclusions can be reached for minor poultry species for laying/breeding. The use of the additive is not expected to pose a risk to consumer, considering that the additive is rapidly metabolised with very low deposition, if any, in edible tissues of pigs and poultry and that foods of animal origin provide a very minor contribution, if any, to the overall dietary intake of benzoic acid. Owing to the unlikelihood of exposure, no risk to users upon inhalation of the additive is expected; the additive is not a skin sensitiser, but is a skin/ eye irritant. The proposed use of the additive does not pose environmental risks. Benzoic acid is authorised as food flavouring and its function in feed is essentially the same; no further demonstration of efficacy is necessary.

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Safety and efficacy of benzoic acid for pigs and poultry

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of dietary salicylic acid supplementation on performance and blood metabolites of sows and their litters

Effect of dietary salicylic acid supplementation on performance and blood metabolites of sows and their litters

Comparative effects of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate in diets for nursery pigs on growth performance and acidification of digesta and urine

Safety and efficacy of benzoic acid for pigs and poultry

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