Ruthenium complexes as redox mediators for malate and lactate dehydrogenases

Rivera, N. G. Perez; Colón, Yanira; Guadalupe, Ana R.

doi:10.1016/0302-4598(94)80032-4

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This reduced intensity is expected since water is displaced in the intercalation process. In addition, π -π* and MLCT bands are observed (at 288 nm and 438 nm, respectively) in the UV-vis spectra, as expected [43,44], with an intensity proportional to the loading level.…”

Section: Characterization Of Ru-zrpmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…[Ru(phend) 2 bpy](PF 6 ) 2 was synthesized as reported in the literature [43,44] , where the first ratio corresponds to the experimental loading level obtained from the elemental analysis of the intercalated materials and the second ratio (in parenthesis) is the [Ru(phend) 2 bpy] 2+ :ZrP solution molar concentration ratios used in the intercalation experiments. XRPD measurements were performed to determine the interlayer distance after intercalation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our current work involves the direct intercalation of bis(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)(2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) ([Ru (phend) 2 bpy] 2+ ) within these layers. This complex is known to be a good redox mediator for the oxidation of NADH [43][44][45]. We report here the construction of a CPE modified with [Ru (phend) 2 bpy] 2+ -exchanged ZrP (Ru-ZrP) for the mediated oxidation of NADH and the resultant electrode kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NADH Electrooxidation Using Bis(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)-Exchanged Zirconium Phosphate Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

et al. 2006

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We present a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified using the electron mediator bis(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) (2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(phend) 2+ exhibited luminescence even at low concentration. Modified CPEs were constructed and analyzed using cyclic voltammetry. The intercalated mediator remained electroactive within the layers (E°′ = −38.5 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, 3.5 M NaCl) and electrocatalysis of NADH oxidation was observed. The kinetics of the modified CPE shows a Michaelis -Menten behavior. This CPE was used for the oxidation of NADH in the presence of Bakers' yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. A calibration plot for ethanol is presented.

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Section: Characterization Of Ru-zrpmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NADH Electrooxidation Using Bis(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)-Exchanged Zirconium Phosphate Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

et al. 2006

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“…However, if the ratio of the catalytic current to the anodic current in the absence of NADH is to be considered, the sensors with MB showed the most beneficial characteristics (Vasilescu et al 2003). Interestingly, in another publication, a k obs value was estimated to be 5.7×10 4 M −1 s −1 using an immobilized ruthenium complex (Santiago et al 2006), which was much faster than in the solution (2.0×10 3 M −1 s −1 ) at comparable experimental conditions (Rivera et al 1994). Such difference in the catalytic activity occurs since the immobilized mediators are an integral part of the electrode surface.…”

Section: Comparison Of Processes With Dissolved and Immobilized Mediamentioning

confidence: 97%

Immobilized redox mediators for electrochemical NAD(P)+ regeneration

Kochius

Magnusson

Hollmann

et al. 2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The applicability of dissolved redox mediators for NAD(P) + regeneration has been demonstrated several times. Nevertheless, the use of mediators in solutions for sensor applications is not a very convenient strategy since the analysis is not reagentless and long stabilization times occur. The most important drawbacks of dissolved mediators in biocatalytic applications are interferences during product purification, limited reusability of the mediators, and their cost-intensive elimination from wastewater. Therefore, the use of immobilized mediators has both economic and ecological advantages. This work critically reviews the current stateof-art of immobilized redox mediators for electrochemical NAD(P) + regeneration. Various surface modification techniques, such as adsorption polymerization and covalent linkage, as well as the corresponding NAD(P) + regeneration rates and the operational stability of the immobilized mediator films, will be discussed. By comparison with other existing regeneration systems, the technical potential and future perspectives of biocatalytic redox reactions based on electrochemically fed immobilized mediators will be assessed.

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“…15 The development of sensors for electrooxidation of NADH has been reported utilizing different electron mediators, 16 which were immobilized (adsorbed or chemically bound) at the electrode surface, such as catechols, 17 hydroquinones, 18 diaminobenzenes, 19 phenazines, 20 phenoxazines 21 or phenothiazines, 22 metal complexes. 23 These mediators were frequently studied and used to cause substantial decrease in the overvoltage and also to accelerate the oxidation reaction of NADH at the electrode surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationic dyes immobilized on cellulose acetate surface modified with titanium dioxide: factorial design and an application as sensor for NADH

Hoffmann¹,

Dias²,

Benvenutti³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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As propriedades eletroquímicas dos corantes catiônicos, azul de meldola e azul de toluidina, imobilizados na superfície do acetato de celulose modificado com dióxido de titânio foram investigadas por voltametria cíclica. Os materiais sintetizados foram empregados como eletrodos de pasta de carbono. As propriedades mediadoras redox dos eletrodos modificados quimicamente com azul de meldola e azul de toluidina foram otimizadas utilizando um planejamento fatorial consistindo de dois níveis e quatro fatores com dois pseudo-pontos centrais (n=20 experimentos). A análise fatorial foi realizada para investigar as melhores condições de reversibilidade do processo redox tais como uma diminuição na separação entre os picos de potenciais anódico e catódico e razão de corrente próxima da unidade. Os fatores que apresentaram efeitos significantes na otimização global do sistema e que permitiram alcançar as melhores condições de reversibilidade de transferência de elétrons foram os fatores principais velocidade de varredura e tipo de eletrodo (azul de meldola ou azul de toluidina) além dos fatores de interação concentração do KCl × tipo de eletrodo (B×D) e a interação pH × [KCl] × velocidade de varredura (A×B×C). As melhores condições de reversibilidade eletroquímica obtidas foram: o eletrodo CA-TiO 2 -MB, KCl 1,0 mol L -1 como eletrólito suporte e velocidade de varredura de 10,0 mV s -1 . Adicionalmente, o eletrodo modificado CA-TiO 2 -MB foi testado como sensor amperométrico para a determinação de NADH com um limite de detecção de 0,1 µmol L -1 .The electrochemical properties of meldola blue and toluidine blue cationic dyes immobilized on cellulose acetate surface modified with titanium dioxide were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The materials synthesized were employed as carbon paste electrodes. The redox mediator properties of the meldola blue and toluidine blue chemically modified electrodes were optimized using a factorial design, consisting of two levels and four factors with two pseudo-central points (n= 20 experiments). The factorial analysis was carried out by searching for better reversibility of the redox process, such as the lowest separation between anodic and cathodic potential peaks and a current ratio near unity. The factors that presented significant effects on the overall optimization of the system to achieve the best conditions of the reversibility of electron transfer were the main factors scan rate and type of electrode (meldola blue or toluidine blue), besides the interaction factors KCl concentration × type of electrode (B×D) and the pH × [KCl] concentration × scan rate (A×B×C) interaction. The best electrochemical reversibility conditions obtained were: using the CA-TiO 2 -MB electrode, 1.0 mol L -1 KCl as supporting electrolyte, at scan rate of 10.0 mV s -1 . Afterwards, the CA-TiO 2 -MB modified electrode was tested as an amperometric sensor for the determination of NADH, with a detection limit of 0.1 µmol L -1 .Keywords: meldola blue, toluidine blue, modified cellulose acetate, factorial desig...

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Ruthenium complexes as redox mediators for malate and lactate dehydrogenases

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

NADH Electrooxidation Using Bis(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)-Exchanged Zirconium Phosphate Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

NADH Electrooxidation Using Bis(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)-Exchanged Zirconium Phosphate Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

Immobilized redox mediators for electrochemical NAD(P)+ regeneration

Cationic dyes immobilized on cellulose acetate surface modified with titanium dioxide: factorial design and an application as sensor for NADH

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