Rule-based calculation and simulation design of elevator traffic systems for high-rise office buildings

Al-Sharif, Lutfi; Sukkar, Ghazi Al; Hakouz, Asma'; Al-Shamayleh, Nama' A

doi:10.1177/0143624417705070

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Buildings with more than 20 or 25 floors will usually be zoned and thus will revert to a group of buildings with a smaller number of effective floors. 9,10 MATLAB code was used and full listings of parts of the code can be found in Al-Sharif. 11…”

Section: Experimental Results: Traffic Analysis Of Five Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and comparison of the two sectoring approaches in elevator traffic systems

Al-Sharif

Hammoudeh

Al-Saidi

2019

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Sectoring is a group control algorithm that is used in elevator traffic control systems by grouping passengers that have common destinations or common origins into elevator cars that serve these floors. The building is split into sectors usually comprising contiguous floors. Two different alternative algorithms for sectoring are discussed in this paper. The first approach is based on dynamic allocation with equal sector allocation. The second approach is based on static allocation with unequal sector sizes. Under static allocation, the same elevator car is allocated to the same sector in every round trip. Under dynamic allocation, each elevator car is allocated to a different sector in each round trip. Under the dynamic allocation scheme suggested in this paper, the elevator cars are sequenced to the various sectors in the buildings in a round-robin fashion. It is important to note that under both schemes, the provided (relative) handling capacity of different sectors is equalised. Five different buildings have been analysed using the two suggested sectoring algorithms. The building is first designed by finding the required number and speed of elevators assuming conventional control. Each building is then analysed using one of the two suggested sectoring algorithms. In order to compare the performance of the two sectoring algorithms, the provided (relative) handling capacity is calculated. The provided (relative) handling capacity of the two suggested algorithms is then compared. Very little difference was found between the two algorithms. The dynamic sectoring with equal sector sizes offers the convenience of having equal sector sizes. The static sectoring with unequal sector sizes is more convenient for passengers that are familiar with the building. Practical application: This paper analyses two different options for sectoring the control system of an elevator system in a building. Each of the two sectoring methods is suitable for different situations. The dynamic allocation method is more suitable for destination group control systems and offers the group controller more flexibility. The static allocation method with unequal sector sizes ensures that the passengers remain familiar with the elevators that they use to get to their floors. The programmer of the elevator group controller can programme both methods in the controller and allow it to switch to the most suitable algorithm depending on the prevailing conditions.

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Section: Experimental Results: Traffic Analysis Of Five Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and comparison of the two sectoring approaches in elevator traffic systems

Al-Sharif

Hammoudeh

Al-Saidi

2019

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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“…Buildings with more than 20 or 25 floors will usually be zoned and thus will revert to a group of buildings with a smaller number of effective floors. 22,23 Dynamic allocation of elevator cars to sectors to deal with equal-sized sectors Before moving onto the methodology subsections, it is very appropriate to make a note about the fact that the sectors have equal populations. Some designers prefer to assign larger populations or floors to the lower sectors and progressively smaller populations or floors to higher sectors, in order to equalize the service to the various sectors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following is a formal definition of a sector based on Al-Sharif et al 22 A sector is a group of floors (usually, but not necessarily, contiguous) that are grouped together in the controller software and are served by one specific elevator in each round trip. A sector is soft in the sense that it is not fixed and can be changed at any time.…”

Section: Definition Of Sectoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that zoning is different to sectoring and is beyond the scope of this paper. Work has been done on the zoning of high-rise building and the selection of suitable elevator systems to suit in Al-Sharif et al 22 and Al-Sharif and Seeley. 23 Zoning is the division of the building in hardware by fixing the floors that the elevators serve.…”

Section: Definition Of Sectoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive analysis of elevator static sectoring control systems using Monte Carlo simulation

Al-Sharif

Yang

Hakam

et al. 2018

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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For a long time, there was no action that a group controller could take during incoming traffic conditions other than returning the elevators back to the main entrance and opening their doors. Passengers would arrive in the main entrance and board the first available elevator car. However, in the early 1990s, sectoring was introduced during incoming traffic conditions. Sectoring is the soft division of the building into groups of (usually but not necessarily contiguous) floors, usually of equal populations. One or more elevators are assigned to a sector. The allocation of the elevator(s) to a sector can either be fixed (static sectoring) or variable (dynamic sectoring) within consecutive round trips. In addition, the size and composition of the different sectors can be static or dynamic. Sectoring is thus a powerful tool in dealing with peaks of incoming traffic demand. However, most of the analysis carried out to understand the effects of sectoring on the performance of the elevator traffic system has been based on simulation only. This paper presents a comprehensive calculation-based analysis of static sectoring control for incoming traffic as a control tool. The analysis is based on the approach of progressively increasing the number of sectors in a building, starting from a single sector (i.e., no sectoring) and proceeding to full sectoring (where the number of sectors equals the number of elevators in the group) and even increasing the number of sectors up to the total number of floors above the main entrance (which has been given the new term: super-sectoring). An analysis is carried out in each case showing the handling capacity, car loading, average waiting time, and average traveling time. Practical application: This paper allows a control system designer to adapt the actions of the controller to the change in passenger arrivals. The control can detect the intensity of passenger arrivals and adjust the number of sectors to suit such an arrival intensity. The aim would be to maximize the handling capacity of the system or minimize the car loading.

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“…A person calling an elevator expects both short waiting time and fast travel time. Typical good design rules of thumb are that the waiting time should be kept below 30 seconds [20]. An elevator group controller typically assigns the closest suitable elevator to answer the landing call.…”

Section: Group Control Algorithm Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution modeling of elevator power consumption

Tukia

Uimonen

Siikonen

et al. 2018

Journal of Building Engineering

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This paper proposes a framework for modeling the instantaneous power consumption of individual elevators and elevator groups based on passenger traffic. Though elevators have a key role in the modern urban society, they have remained as rather neglected appliances in the energy efficiency research. To accelerate the energy efficiency studies of elevators, this paper has two major contributions. First, we propose means to model the instantaneous power consumption of individual elevators and elevator groups and analyze the reliability of these means versus the complexity of the modeling. Second, we present an elevator group control scheme to organize the elevator dispatching according to the simulated passenger traffic. When combined, these methods yield enhanced predictions about the energy and power consumption of elevators in a specific type of building with measured or simulated movement of occupants.

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Rule-based calculation and simulation design of elevator traffic systems for high-rise office buildings

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Analysis and comparison of the two sectoring approaches in elevator traffic systems

Analysis and comparison of the two sectoring approaches in elevator traffic systems

Comprehensive analysis of elevator static sectoring control systems using Monte Carlo simulation

High-resolution modeling of elevator power consumption

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