Routing of transmitter and other changes in fast axonal transport after transection of one branch of the bifurcate axon of an identified neuron

Aletta, JM; Goldberg, Daniel J.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-07-01800.1984

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We studied the partitioning of the glycoproteins 2 wk after the CBC had been transected distally. At this time, 70% of the serotonin, rather than the normal 36%, is transported in the PLN (Aletta and Goldberg, 1984). Were there selectivity in the partitioning of transported material, we would expect to have observed consistent differences in the gel profiles of the CBC and PLN, that is, either a consistent enrichment of the 75 kDa glycoprotein relative to the other glycoproteins in the PLN or a consistent enrichment of another of the glycoproteins in the CBC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Within hours after transection of the CBC relatively far from the cerebral ganglion, the majority of the serotonergic vesicles that would ordinarily be transported by that branch instead enter the PLN branch, despite the continued ability of the transected branch to transport its normal complement of vesicles (Aletta and Goldberg, 1984). Thus, the partitioning of vesicles is strongly influenced in this situation by the states of the endings of the branches.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The axon bifurcates within a millimeter of the cell body (see Fig. 1 in Aletta and Goldberg, 1984). One branch is in the ipsilateral cerebrobuccal connective (CBC) and innervates the buccal ganglia and buc- The number of serotonergic vesicles per 100 pm2 in the cell bodies of both GCNs in each of 3 ganglia was determined by electron microscopy as described in Materials and Methods.…”

Section: Experimental Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All transections were done in anesthetized animals through a small incision in the ventral surface ofthe head, which was then sutured (Aletta and Goldberg, 1984). Animals resumed normal activity within several hours of being returned to their holding tanks containing aerated artificial sea water.…”

Section: Transection Of Nervesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is thus of considerable importance to identify the factors that determine how transported material partitions among the branches of an axon and to determine whether the composition oftransported material can differ among branches. The partitioning of serotonergic storage vesicles at the bifurcation of the axon of GCN is influenced by the state of the branch endings (Aletta and Goldberg, 1984). Vesicles tend to move into a branch that has its full complement of synaptic terminals in preference to a branch that has lost some or most of its terminals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of partial axotomy for production of neurotransmitter vesicles and routing of rapidly transported membrane glycoproteins in the axonal tree

Goldberg¹,

Ambron²

1986

J. Neurosci.

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It was found previously that transection of one branch of the bifurcate axon of a giant serotonergic n&on of Aplysia causes a proportionate decrease in the export of transmitter storage vesicles from the cell body, despite the ability of the remaining branch to transport aN of the vesicles normally exported (Aletta and Goldberg, 1982). We report here evidence that this downregulation is achieved by a decrease in the production of vesicles, rather than a slowing of the processing of vesicles for export from the cell body. Counts of serotonergic vesicles in the cell body show that the size of the somal pool of vesicles is not increased at a time when their rate of export has been halved. Also, transection of one or both branches of the axon decreases the amount of 3H-fucose incorporated during a short period into a putative vesicle membrane glycoprotein but not into other glycoproteins. The results indicate that axotomy should be a useful technique for studying the mechanism of regulation of the synthesis of a secretory organelle.It was also previously shown that transection of one branch of the axon far from the cell body does not impair the ability of the injured branch to transport serotonergic vesicles, yet the majority of vesicles that would normally enter that branch are nevertheless rerouted into the uninjured branch. We have studied quantitatively the partitioning between the 2 branches, after one has been transected distally, of 6 fucosyl glycoproteins, including the putative vesicle glycoprotein and a glycoprotein whose transport moderately increases after transection. None is ,w+ lectively routed into one branch or the other, though there is stochastic variation in the composition of material received by axon endings.The axon and terminals of a neuron, being unable to synthesize macromolecules, depend for their functional and anatomical integrity on a continual supply of organelles and cytoskeletal components from the cell body. During the life of the neuron the activities of these regions change. A developing or regenerating axon is elongating and its endings are involved in pathfinding and target recognition, while mature synaptic terminals are engaged principally in synaptic transmission. It is not clear to what extent these changes in activity are supported by changes in the delivery of materials from the cell body, as opposed to

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transection Of Nervesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of partial axotomy for production of neurotransmitter vesicles and routing of rapidly transported membrane glycoproteins in the axonal tree

Goldberg¹,

Ambron²

1986

J. Neurosci.

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Movement of newly synthesized membrane by fast transport along the axon of an identified aplysia neuron

Cleary

Schwartz

1987

J of Comparative Neurology

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In order to ascertain the form in which newly synthesized membrane is moved by fast axonal transport, we examined the distribution of label along an axon of the identified giant serotoninergic neuron (GCN) in the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia californica. Membrane glycoproteins were labeled by intrasomatic injection of 3H-fucose, and segments of GCN's axon in the posterior lip nerve containing the transported organelles were examined at 1, 5, 15, and 24 hours by quantitative electron-microscopic autoradiography. To show that membrane which is rapidly transported is contained only in discrete organelles rather than in continuous sheets of axoplasmic reticulum, we systematically varied conditions of fixation. We found that we could distinguish vesicles from axoplasmic reticulum most reliably in axons fixed with 2% formaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer. At short times after intrasomatic injection of 3H-fucose, dense-cored vesicles and multivesicular tubules were the only axonal organelles labeled.

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Regeneration of the neurohemal terminals for identified cerebral neurosecretory cells in an insect

Agui

Westbrook

McQueen

et al. 1989

J of Comparative Neurology

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The axons of specific neurosecretory cells, L-NSC III, in the brain of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, were transected during larval-pupal development to study the effects of this type of lesion on these peptidergic neurons and to begin to identify factors that may regulate their regeneration and growth. The two somata of these bilaterally paired neurons produce the prothoracicotropic hormone and are located in the pars intercerebralis. Their axons exit from the contralateral brain lobe via a retrocerebral nerve and pass through the corpus cardiacum before terminating at the glandular corpus allatum. At the corpus allatum, the L-NSC III axons arborize to form the terminal neurohemal organ for prothoracicotropic hormone release. The retrocerebral nerve was severed either in vitro followed by brain transplantation or in situ; in either protocol, the distal axon segments and corpus allatum were removed. The ability of the injured L-NSC III axons to regenerate was assessed immunocytologically by using a monoclonal antibody against the prothoracicotropic hormone. In both treatments, the proximal axon stumps exhibited regenerative growth as early as 1 day after axotomy, and, by the third day, neurites had extended. By the fifth day, the regenerating axons had branched to form terminal varicosities similar to those of a normal neurohemal organ. The regenerated neurohemal structure appeared to be functional, because larvae that had been bilaterally axotomized were able to metamorphose to pupae, a process requiring temporally precise periods of prothoracicotropic hormone release. In addition to the regeneration of the terminal axon structures, several other responses to axotomy and retrocerebral organ excision occurred. These included an apparent accumulation of prothoracicotropic hormone in the axons and regenerating neurohemal-like structure, sprouting of ectopic neurites from the axotomized somata, and a change in shape of the cell bodies from spherical to avoid.

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Routing of transmitter and other changes in fast axonal transport after transection of one branch of the bifurcate axon of an identified neuron

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Consequences of partial axotomy for production of neurotransmitter vesicles and routing of rapidly transported membrane glycoproteins in the axonal tree

Consequences of partial axotomy for production of neurotransmitter vesicles and routing of rapidly transported membrane glycoproteins in the axonal tree

Movement of newly synthesized membrane by fast transport along the axon of an identified aplysia neuron

Regeneration of the neurohemal terminals for identified cerebral neurosecretory cells in an insect

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