Movement of newly synthesized membrane by fast transport along the axon of an identified aplysia neuron

Cleary, Leonard J.; Schwartz, James H.

doi:10.1002/cne.902630108

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…With the same fixative, the serotonergic neuron GCN contains 90 nm compound electron-lucent vesicles, as previously described (Cleary and Schwartz, 1987). The identified histaminergic neuron C2 contains dense-cored vesicles with an average diameter of 100 nm in its cell body (Schwartz et al, 1986).…”

Section: Technical Advantages Of Faglumentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Arrowheads point to dense-cored vesicles with an electron-lucent space between the vesicle's membrane and the distinct central density. Bar = 0.5 pm, 214 GOLDSTEIN AND SCHWARTZ a n average diameter of 90 nm (Shkolnik and Schwartz, 1980;Cleary and Schwartz, 1987).…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8). T h e ultrastructure of serotonergic GCNs from the same cerebral ganglia was as previously described for standard collidine-glutaraldehyde fixation (Shkolnik and Schwartz, 1980;Cleary and Schwartz, 1987). With this fixation, the characteristic vesicle type in the cell body is compound and electron-lucent, with fluorescence in its cell body appears granular.…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GOLDSTEIN AND SCHWARTZ a n average diameter of 90 nm (Shkolnik and Schwartz, 1980;Cleary and Schwartz, 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catecholamine neurons in Aplysia: Improved light‐microscopic resolution and ultrastructural study using paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde (FaGlu) cytochemistry

Goldstein

Schwartz

1989

J. Neurobiol.

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We have modified the formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde (FaGlu) histofluorescence method of Furness, Costa, and Blessing (1977a) and Furness, Costa, and Wilson (1977b) to examine wholemounts and sections of both juvenile and adult ganglia as well as peripheral tissues of Aplysia californica. FaGlu fluorescence is the result of a reaction between formaldehyde and tissue catecholamines to produce water-insoluble (fixed) fluorophores. In serially sectioned cerebral ganglia, 70-80 positive neurons were observed (many in clusters of 10-20 cells), many more than were found using the glyoxylic acid technique. Catecholamine-containing varicosities were densely packed in localized portions of the neuropil of all central ganglia. Exclusive localization in the neuropil of presumed dopamine release sites is similar to that previously found for the neuropeptide SCP but differs from the widespread ramification of varicose neurites containing 5-HT, FMRFamide, and ELH. The FaGlu technique also enabled us to study the ultrastructure of catecholamine-containing neurons. In contrast to the larger vesicles found in serotonergic and histaminergic neurons, these dopaminergic neurons contain 70 nm dense-cored vesicles.

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Section: Technical Advantages Of Faglumentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GOLDSTEIN AND SCHWARTZ a n average diameter of 90 nm (Shkolnik and Schwartz, 1980;Cleary and Schwartz, 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catecholamine neurons in Aplysia: Improved light‐microscopic resolution and ultrastructural study using paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde (FaGlu) cytochemistry

Goldstein

Schwartz

1989

J. Neurobiol.

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“…Given the rate of fast axonal transport in Aplysia of approximately 1.5 mm/ hr (Cleary and Schwartz, 1987;Schmied et al, 1993;Fig. 9.…”

Section: Apbt and Apfasp Mrnas Are Differentially Distributed In Neurmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNAs encoding theAplysia homologues of fasciclin-I and β-thymosin are expressed only in the second phase of nerve injury and are differentially segregated in axons regenerating in vitro and in vivo

2005

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Studies using Aplysia californica have demonstrated that transcription after nerve injury occurs during a rapid, transient first phase and a delayed, prolonged second phase. Although the second phase is especially important for regeneration, the mRNAs produced during this phase have not been identified. We characterized two such mRNAs following axotomy. One encodes a novel fasciclin-I homologue, Aplysia fasciclin-like protein (apFasP), and the other encodes Aplysia beta-thymosin (apbetaT). In addition to mRNA synthesis, proteins required for regeneration must be available at the site of growth, and the transport and local translation of certain extrasomatic mRNAs aids in this process. We found apbetaT and apFasP proteins and mRNA at growth cones in vitro. However, only the mRNA for apbetaT was present in regenerating axons in vivo. This implies that the membrane protein apFasP is supplied by rapid transport from the soma, whereas the soluble apbetaT is synthesized locally.

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Serotoninergic varicosities make synaptic contacts with pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia

Zhang

Fang

Marshak

et al. 1991

J of Comparative Neurology

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Serotonin is a modulatory neurotransmitter that produces many of the cellular changes associated with sensitization of reflexes in Aplysia. These changes have been carefully documented in sensory neurons located in the abdominal ganglion that mediate the gill-siphon withdrawal reflex and in sensory neurons located in the pleural ganglion that mediate the tail-siphon withdrawal reflex. Although serotonin appears to be necessary for sensitization, there is no direct evidence that serotoninergic neurons make synaptic contacts with sensory neurons. In this study, the immunoperoxidase technique was used to label serotonin-immunoreactive neurites surrounding the cell bodies of sensory neurons in the pleural ganglion. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurites had varicosities whose mean short axis diameter was 1.1 +/- 0.6 microns (mean +/- S.D.). The shape of the size distribution was skewed toward larger sizes, however, suggesting that there were multiple subpopulations of varicosities. One subpopulation was that of varicosities located at branch points whose average short axis diameter was larger than normal (1.7 +/- 0.5 microns). Serotonin-immunoreactive varicosities were directly apposed to the sensory neurons without intervening glial cells. In most contacts, serotonin-immunoreactive neurites invaginated into the plasma membranes of the sensory neurons. There were also a few contacts onto spinelike processes, but these were flat rather than invaginated. Serotoninergic neurons whose activity produces changes in the electrophysiological properties of sensory neurons have been identified, but this study provides the first direct evidence for synaptic connections between serotoninergic neurons and sensory neurons in Aplysia.

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Movement of newly synthesized membrane by fast transport along the axon of an identified aplysia neuron

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Catecholamine neurons in Aplysia: Improved light‐microscopic resolution and ultrastructural study using paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde (FaGlu) cytochemistry

Catecholamine neurons in Aplysia: Improved light‐microscopic resolution and ultrastructural study using paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde (FaGlu) cytochemistry

mRNAs encoding theAplysia homologues of fasciclin-I and β-thymosin are expressed only in the second phase of nerve injury and are differentially segregated in axons regenerating in vitro and in vivo

Serotoninergic varicosities make synaptic contacts with pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia

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