Consequences of partial axotomy for production of neurotransmitter vesicles and routing of rapidly transported membrane glycoproteins in the axonal tree

Goldberg, Daniel J.; Ambron, Richard T.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.06-06-01712.1986

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Invertebrate neurons also respond to injury. In Aplysiu, for example, damage to the peripheral arbor of identified neurons alters the synthesis of certain glycoproteins (Goldberg and Ambron, 1986) and elicits reproducible changes in the electrophysiological properties of the cell body (Walters et al,199 1). The changes in electrical properties occurred even when injuryrelated action potentials were prevented from reaching the cell body, thereby eliminating electrical activity as the primary factor in eliciting the electrophysiological changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A signal sequence mediates the retrograde transport of proteins from the axon periphery to the cell body and then into the nucleus

et al. 1992

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The presynaptic terminal and axon of neurons can undergo structural changes in response to environmental signals. Since these changes require protein synthesis in the cell body, the needs of the periphery must somehow be communicated to the cell soma. To look for such a mechanism, we used artificial protein constructs with properties expected of a signal that is transported from the axon to the nucleus. One construct consisted of the nuclear import signal peptide (sp) of the SV40 large T antigen, coupled to human serum albumin (HSA) and rhodamine (r). When injected into the axoplasm of Aplysia californica neurons in vitro, the rHSA-sp was transported in the retrograde direction through the axon to the cell body and then into the nucleus. Little, if any, moved in the anterograde direction toward growth cones. The retrograde movement of injected rHSA-sp was rapid (greater than 25 mm/d) and depended upon intact microtubules. The sp portion of rHSA-sp provided access to both the retrograde transport system and the nuclear import apparatus. Thus, rHSA was not transported at all, but accumulated in organelles near the injection site. Also, rHSA-sp containing an sp with a Lys to Thr substitution, which is known to reduce nuclear import markedly, was transported only poorly. To look for endogenous molecules that use this system, we affinity-purified a rabbit polyclonal antibody to the signal sequence. The antibody recognized an 83 kDa polypeptide on Western blots of Aplysia nervous tissue. These data indicate that Aplysia neurons contain the machinery to convey macromolecules from the axon periphery to the nucleus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A signal sequence mediates the retrograde transport of proteins from the axon periphery to the cell body and then into the nucleus

et al. 1992

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“…This approach, however, leaves open the possibility that the enhanced growth of the longitudinal projections is a consequence of cell damage. Axotomy-induced responses, such as changes in protein synthesis or increases in excitability (Giulian et al, 1980;Goldberg and Ambron, 1986;Simoni et al, 1990), might also influence the growth of the longitudinal projections. This concern, however, is allayed by the results of experiment 4.…”

Section: Sibling Projections Compete With One Another Limiting the Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition among the Axonal Projections of an Identified Neuron Contributes to the Retraction of Some of Those Projections

Gan

Macagno

1997

J. Neurosci.

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AP neurons in the embryonic leech CNS extend lateral projections to peripheral targets through the ganglionic nerve roots and longitudinal projections toward neighboring ganglia through the connective nerves. The lateral projections grow extensively in the periphery; in contrast, the longitudinal projections achieve relatively little growth and eventually retract, the majority having essentially disappeared by the end of embryogenesis. Cutting both nerve roots, which eliminates both lateral projections, however, induces the longitudinal projections of the AP neuron to begin to grow rapidly toward adjacent ganglia within 14 hr after the axotomy. By using a laser microbeam to cut just the lateral projections of the AP cells, we further show that it is indeed the loss of its lateral projections, and not a secondary response to the cutting of other components of the root nerves, that induces the longitudinal projections of the AP cell to grow extensively. In addition, we report that reducing the outgrowth of the lateral projections by: (1) cutting only one lateral projection, or (2) ablating pioneer neurons required by the AP neuron to establish its peripheral arbor, also results in a significant increase in the growth of the longitudinal projections. Finally, we demonstrate that increasing the outgrowth of the longitudinal projections by ablating the AP cells in adjacent ganglia results in a significant reduction in the outgrowth of the lateral projections. Taken together, these results indicate, first, that the longitudinal and lateral projections usually grow at the expense of each other, and second, that normally the extensive outgrowth of its lateral projections is a necessary condition for a developing AP neuron to retract its longitudinal projections.

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“…In fact, there is preliminary evidence that the 150-and 1 16-kDa proteins are constituents of the plasma membrane and abundant in growth cones (authors' unpublished data and personal communications from F. Keller and S. Schacher and from R. Ambron). The 86-kDa protein might be associated with the serotonergic storage vesicle, whose transport decreases rapidly following axotomy of GCN (Aletta and Goldberg, 1982;Goldberg and Ambron, 1986).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Regulated Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target Regulation of Axotomy‐Sensitive Proteins

Savage

Buriani

Goldberg

1990

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Large changes in the production of certain proteins often follow axotomy. How the cell body is signaled to make these changes, or terminate them after regeneration is finished, is unclear. This issue was addressed by studying an axotomized giant identified neuron, the giant cerebral neuron of the sea slug Aplysia, both in vivo and in culture. One week after axon crush in vivo, there were increases of 1.5-18-fold in the 5-h incorporation of [35S]methionine into seven proteins identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. There were decreases of five- to 28-fold in the labeling of four other proteins. An axotomized giant cerebral neuron grows vigorously when placed in culture and forms chemical synapses with appropriate target cells while continuing unabated growth. The labeling of two of the proteins that up-regulate after axotomy in vivo was suppressed by the presence of target cells in culture. For one of the proteins, this effect was also produced by membranes of target cells, but not by medium conditioned by exposure to target cells. These results are consistent with the idea that loss of membrane-membrane contact with target cells (or its restoration) is involved in the initiation (or termination) of the up-regulation of certain proteins after axotomy.

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Consequences of partial axotomy for production of neurotransmitter vesicles and routing of rapidly transported membrane glycoproteins in the axonal tree

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

A signal sequence mediates the retrograde transport of proteins from the axon periphery to the cell body and then into the nucleus

A signal sequence mediates the retrograde transport of proteins from the axon periphery to the cell body and then into the nucleus

Competition among the Axonal Projections of an Identified Neuron Contributes to the Retraction of Some of Those Projections

Target Regulation of Axotomy‐Sensitive Proteins

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