Round gobies are an important part of VHSV genotype IVb ecology in the St. Lawrence River and eastern Lake Ontario

Cornwell, Emily R.; Primus, Alexander; Wong, Po Ting; Anderson, G. B.; Thompson, Tarin M.; Kurath, Gael; Groocock, Geoffrey H.; Bain, Mark B.; Bowser, Paul R.; Getchell, Rodman G.

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2014.09.006

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our failure to detect VHSV IVb in Bluegills and Pumpkinseeds (two species that are known to be susceptible to the virus) during a period of active infection in Budd Lake corroborates the inconsistencies in virus detection in virusplagued waters, and this is a hindrance that frustrates scientists and managers alike (Eckerlin et al 2011;Faisal et al 2012;Cornwell et al 2014). These findings highlight the difficulty associated with obtaining a clear delineation of the spatial and temporal distribution of VHSV IVb in an infected water body.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Considerable research has been conducted on VHSV IVb, unraveling important aspects of its molecular characteristics (Elsayed et al 2006; Thompson et al 2011;Pierce and Stepien 2012), hosts (Bain et al 2010;Kim and Faisal 2010a;Goodwin and Merry 2011;Groocock et al 2012), and geographical range Cornwell et al 2015). Factors that affect its persistence in enzootic water bodies have also been investigated (Hawley and Garver 2008;Cornwell et al 2014). After a system has experienced a VHSV IVb outbreak, the virus frequently goes undetected for a period of time before it again re-emerges.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Potential Reservoirs and Risk Factors for VHSV IVb in an Enzootic System: Budd Lake, Michigan

et al. 2017

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Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype IVb (VHSV IVb) has caused major, sporadic fish die-offs in the Laurentian Great Lakes region of North America since 2005. Presently, factors affecting VHSV IVb persistence in enzootic systems are not well understood. Even with annual surveillance, the virus can go undetected for several years after an outbreak before again re-emerging, which suggests that the virus is maintained in the system either below detectable levels or in untested reservoirs. The aim of this study was to identify potential reservoirs of VHSV IVb in Budd Lake, Michigan; VHSV IVb was first detected in Budd Lake in 2007 but remained undetected until 2011. Additionally, we explored the susceptibility of naive fish introduced into a water body enzootic for VHSV IVb by stocking age-0 Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides at varying densities into enclosures in the lake. The virus was not detected among samples of the fishes Notropis spp. and Lepomis spp., cylindrical papershell mussels Anodontoides ferussacianus, leeches (subclass Hirudinea), sediment, or water. However, the virus was successfully isolated from amphipods (family Hyalellidae) and Largemouth Bass held in the enclosures. Our finding of VHSV IVb in Hyalellidae amphipods in combination with other research that has detected the virus in Diporeia spp., a large benthic amphipod important as a food resource to Great Lake fishes, suggests that benthic macroinvertebrates are a reservoir for VHSV IVb in infected systems. If there are environmental reservoirs for VHSV IVb in infected systems, they are likely unevenly distributed. Findings of this study add to our understanding of the seemingly complex ecology of this deadly and economically detrimental virus. Received February 22, 2016; accepted October 16, 2016.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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confidence: 99%

Potential Reservoirs and Risk Factors for VHSV IVb in an Enzootic System: Budd Lake, Michigan

et al. 2017

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“…Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus causes viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), a disease found in marine and freshwater environments (Wolf, ). Clinically, fish infected with VHSV show non‐specific signs such as skin discoloration, lethargy, erratic swimming, splenomegaly, anaemic gill pallor, petechial haemorrhage of various organs, and intracranial haemorrhage (Cornwell et al, ; Kim & Faisal, ; Rasmussen, ). However, heavily infected fish can carry the virus without showing any clinical signs (Cornwell, Eckerlin, et al, ; Groocock et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Round gobies are known to be highly susceptible to the virus, widespread, and densely populated throughout the region (Farrell et al, ). Cornwell et al () found a high level of VHSV genetic diversity circulating among round gobies in the upper portion of the St. Lawrence River. The round goby's life history characteristics, successful invasive attributes, and status as a competent reservoir of the virus all suggest that it may have an important role in VHSV's prevalence dynamics (Farrell et al, ; Young, Parker, Gilbert, Sofia Guerra, & Nunn, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of round goby viral haemorrhagic septicaemia outbreak in New York

Getchell

First

Bogdanowicz

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Eleven viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVb isolates were sequenced, and their genetic variation explored to determine the source of a VHS outbreak on the eastern shore of Cayuga Lake. An active fish kill of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas) was intensively sampled at King Ferry, NY and nearby Long Point State Park in May 2017. Gross lesions observed on 67 moribund round gobies and two rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris, Rafinesque) included moderately haemorrhagic internal organs and erythematous areas on the head, flank, and fins. RT-qPCR tests for VHSV were positive for all 69 fish. Viral isolation on epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells showed cytopathic effect characteristic of VHSV for six round goby samples from King Ferry. The complete nucleotide sequence of the VHSV IVb genomes of five Cayuga Lake round goby isolates were derived on an Illumina platform along with 2017 VHSV IVb isolates from round gobies collected from the following: Lake Erie near Dunkirk, NY; the St. Lawrence River near Clayton and Cape Vincent, NY; and Lake St. Lawrence near Massena, NY. The phylogenetic tree created from these aligned sequences and four other complete VHSV IVb genomes shows Cayuga Lake isolates are closely related to the Lake Erie isolates. K E Y W O R D S outbreak investigation, round goby, VHSV IVb, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus

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“…Interestingly, these occurred in different 540 host species, with the E16 isolates exclusively recovered from gizzard shad, and both M16 541 isolates in round goby. Other studies identified potential evolutionary radiation of IVb in the 542 round goby host, particularly in Lake Ontario [40,75]. There have been relatively few VHS 543 positive round goby samples detected in Lake Michigan, despite its reported deaths during the 544 2008 outbreaks [16].…”

Section: Relationships 504mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and immunogenic changes over the history of the Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS-IVb) fish virus (=Piscine novirhabdovirus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Stepien

Niner

Gorgoglione

et al. 2020

Preprint

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26 27 Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) (=Piscine novirhabdovirus) appeared in the 28 Laurentian Great Lakes in 2005, constituting a unique and highly virulent genogroup (IVb), 29 which killed >32 fish species in large 2005 and 2006. Periods of apparent dormancy punctuated 30 smaller outbreaks in 2007, 2008, and 2017. We conducted the first whole genome analysis of 31 IVb, evaluating its evolutionary changes using 46 isolates, in reference to immunogenicity in cell 32 culture, and the genomes of other VHS genogroups (I-IVa) and other Novirhabdoviruses. IVb 33 isolates had 253 genomic nucleotide substitutions (2.3% of the total 11,158 nucleotides), with 85 34 (16.6%) being non-synonymous. The greatest number of substitutions occurred in the non-35 coding region (NCDS; 4.3%) followed by the Nv-(3.8%), and M-(2.8%) genes. The M-gene 36 possessed the greatest proportions of amino acid changes (52.9%), followed by the Nv-(50.0%), 37G-(48.6%), N-(35.7%) and L-(23.1%) genes. Among VHS genogroups, IVa from the 38 northeastern Pacific exhibited the fastest substitution rate (2.01x10-3), followed by IVb 39 (6.64x10 -5), and I/III from Europe (4.09x10 -5). A 2016 gizzard shad isolate from Lake Erie was 40 the most divergent IVb isolate (38 NT, 15.0%, 15 AA), yet exhibited reduced virulence with in 41 vitro immunogenicity analyses, as did other 2016 isolates, in comparison to the first IVb isolate 42 (2003). The 2016 isolates exhibited lower impact on innate antiviral responses, suggesting 43 phenotypic effects. Results suggest continued sequence change and lower virulence over the 44 history of IVb, which may facilitate its long-term persistence in fish host populations. 45 46

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Round gobies are an important part of VHSV genotype IVb ecology in the St. Lawrence River and eastern Lake Ontario

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Potential Reservoirs and Risk Factors for VHSV IVb in an Enzootic System: Budd Lake, Michigan

Potential Reservoirs and Risk Factors for VHSV IVb in an Enzootic System: Budd Lake, Michigan

Investigation of round goby viral haemorrhagic septicaemia outbreak in New York

Genomic and immunogenic changes over the history of the Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS-IVb) fish virus (=Piscine novirhabdovirus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes

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