Rotavirus infection in lambs: Studies on passive protection

Nozawa

et al. 1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

Rotaviruses and reoviruses are involved in human and animal diseases. It is known that both viruses penetrate the gastrointestinal tract but their interaction with phagocytic cells is unknown. To study this interaction, peritoneal resident phagocytic cells were used and rotavirus and reovirus replication in peritoneal phagocytic cells was observed. However, rotavirus replication in these cells led to the production of defective particles since MA-104 cells inoculated with rotavirus phagocytic cell lysate did not show any evidence of virus replication. On the basis of these results, we suggest that, although reovirus dissemination may be helped by these phagocytic cells, these cells may control rotavirus infection and probably contribute to the prevention of its dissemination.

supporting

confidence: 90%

Rotavirus and reovirus interaction with mouse peritoneal resident phagocytic cells

Nozawa

et al. 1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

Journal of General Virology

“…Furthermore, evidence now suggests that rotaviruses may also be involved in causing severe gastroenteritis in adults, particularly the very old (Echeverria et al, 1983;Cubitt & Holzel, 1980). These observations have stimulated work on vaccines against rotavirus infection (Snodgrass & Wells, 1976;Sheridan et al, 1983 ;Vesikari et al, 1984). However, effective vaccines depend on a detailed understanding of the epidemiology of the disease and extent of viral antigenic diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition of Two New Groups of Atypical Rotaviruses

Pedley

Bridger

Chasey

et al. 1986

132

SUMMARYComparative antigenic and nucleic acid analyses were carried out on two new atypical rotavirus isolates coming respectively from chickens (D/132) and pigs (E/DC-9). Indirect immunofluorescence showed that each virus carried different group antigens which were also distinct from those of previously described rotavirus groups. By genome profile analysis each virus had a pattern of genomic RNAs clearly distinct from those of the other rotavirus groups. Comparative terminal fingerprinting of corresponding genome segments from the two viruses showed large differences between them, indicating that all of their genomic RNAs had significant differences in sequence both from each other and from the three previously defined rotavirus groups. On the basis of these results, extension of the number of rotavirus groups from three to five is proposed, with isolates D/132 and E/DC-9 being the type members of groups D and E respectively.

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

“…The success of a parenteral vaccine might be determined by whether levels of circulating antibodies induced by the vaccine could also induce local protective immunity in the gut. Past studies with a variety of animal models have examined the relative importance of local and systemic antibodies in protection against rotavirus disease and infection (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Some studies using passive immunization strategies have concluded that antibodies in the lumen of the small intestine were the primary determinant of resistance to rotavirus disease and that circulating serum antibodies failed to protect (19,(22)(23)(24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past studies with a variety of animal models have examined the relative importance of local and systemic antibodies in protection against rotavirus disease and infection (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Some studies using passive immunization strategies have concluded that antibodies in the lumen of the small intestine were the primary determinant of resistance to rotavirus disease and that circulating serum antibodies failed to protect (19,(22)(23)(24). Other studies found that systemic rotavirus antibodies were protective when titers were sufficiently high, perhaps because of transcytosis of antibodies into the lumen of the gut (15,23,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum IgG mediates mucosal immunity against rotavirus infection

Westerman

McClure²,

Jiang³

et al. 2005

We evaluated the protective role of passively transferred circulating antibodies in protecting non-human primates against experimental rotavirus infection. Pooled sera with rotavirus-specific IgG titers that were either high (1:10,000), intermediate (1:300), or negative (<1:25) were infused i.v. into naïve pigtailed macaques (ages 3-6 months). Rotavirus-specific IgG could be detected in the sera at 18 h in all animals infused with antibody-containing serum, and fecal IgG titers could be detected only in animals given high-titer pooled sera. When orally challenged with 10 6 fluorescent-forming units of a simian rotavirus strain, YK-1, at 18 h after serum transfer, control animals shed virus starting 1-3 days after challenge and continued to shed virus at high titers for 6 -8 days, whereas passively immunized macaques did not shed virus or had delayed shedding at low titers for only a limited time. The observation that passively transferred antibodies can suppress or delay viral infection in rotavirus-challenged pigtailed macaques has important implications for the design and testing of parenteral candidate rotavirus vaccines.non-human primate ͉ passive immunization