Serum IgG mediates mucosal immunity against rotavirus infection

Abstract

We evaluated the protective role of passively transferred circulating antibodies in protecting non-human primates against experimental rotavirus infection. Pooled sera with rotavirus-specific IgG titers that were either high (1:10,000), intermediate (1:300), or negative (<1:25) were infused i.v. into naïve pigtailed macaques (ages 3-6 months). Rotavirus-specific IgG could be detected in the sera at 18 h in all animals infused with antibody-containing serum, and fecal IgG titers could be detected only in animals given high-titer pooled sera. When orally challenged with 10 6 fluorescent-forming units of a simian rotavirus strain, YK-1, at 18 h after serum transfer, control animals shed virus starting 1-3 days after challenge and continued to shed virus at high titers for 6 -8 days, whereas passively immunized macaques did not shed virus or had delayed shedding at low titers for only a limited time. The observation that passively transferred antibodies can suppress or delay viral infection in rotavirus-challenged pigtailed macaques has important implications for the design and testing of parenteral candidate rotavirus vaccines.non-human primate ͉ passive immunization

Antibody Is Critical for the Clearance of Murine Norovirus Infection

“…In mice, both IgG and IgA are important in control of rotavirus (60). However, while intestinal IgA is an efficient mechanism of rotavirus clearance, it is clear that virus specific IgG or IgM, if present in the intestine or present in large quantities in serum, can also mediate protection in the intestine (26,38,55). In both rotavirus and reovirus, virus specific antibody can control systemic infection and spread (6,42,(50)(51)(52) as well as primary intestinal infection (3).…”

“…Even though IgA is classically thought of as the main antibody isotype present at the mucosal surface (reviewed in reference 36), there are reports of IgG antibody controlling mucosal viral infection (26,38,55). We therefore wanted to determine whether IgG antibodies against MNV capsid alone could reduce MNV titers.…”

Rotavirus Infection Alters Peripheral T-Cell Homeostasis in Children with Acute Diarrhea

“…Studies of gnotobiotic piglets and monkeys have shown that immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the gut and IgG in serum mediated protection against rotavirus diarrhea or infection (53,56). These studies, while furthering our understanding of the immune response, have not clearly defined the early development, regulation and activation, or phenotypes of B and T lymphocytes or T-lymphocyte subsets in response to rotavirus infection.…”

Tandem truncated rotavirus VP8* subunit protein with T cell epitope as non-replicating parenteral vaccine is highly immunogenic

“…25,26 Westerman and his colleagues demonstrated that high or medium titer of specific IgG or neutralizing antibodies passively transferred to naive non-human primate by blood infusion delayed the rotavirus infection after oral challenge with virulent simian rotavirus. 26 It suggests that circulating IgG can provide protection against pathogens infecting the host via mucosal route and the development of parenteral rotavirus vaccine candidates is applicable for infants and children in the underdeveloped countries, where rotavirus-related diarrhea is a life-threat disease.…”

“…25,26 Westerman and his colleagues demonstrated that high or medium titer of specific IgG or neutralizing antibodies passively transferred to naive non-human primate by blood infusion delayed the rotavirus infection after oral challenge with virulent simian rotavirus. 26 It suggests that circulating IgG can provide protection against pathogens infecting the host via mucosal route and the development of parenteral rotavirus vaccine candidates is applicable for infants and children in the underdeveloped countries, where rotavirus-related diarrhea is a life-threat disease. 27,28 We reported previously that bacteriallyexpressed P2-P[8] DVP8* induced high levels of both homotypic and heterotypic neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs and significantly delayed the onset and shortened the duration of diarrhea in gnotobiotic pigs vaccinated with purified P2-P[8] DVP8* after oral challenge with the virulent human rotavirus Wa strain.…”