Rotavirus diarrhea in children and adults in a southern city of Brazil in 2003: Distribution of G/P types and finding of a rare G12 strain

Abstract

Between May and August in 2003, a total of 251 fecal samples were collected from children and adults with diarrhea (5 inpatients and 246 outpatients) at a private hospital in the city of Ponta Grossa, the state of Paraná, Brazil. Group A rotavirus was detected in 71 of 251 (28.3%) specimens: 55 (77.5%) from children under 5 years of age and 16 (22.5%) from individuals aged 6-72 years. All 71 strains exhibited a "long" RNA pattern when analyzed by PAGE. Sixty-one positive samples that yielded enough RNA were submitted to PCR genotyping. The most frequent G/P genotype combination detected was G1P[8] (86.9%; 53/61) followed by G9P[8] (3.3%; 2/61) and G12P[9] (1.6%; 1/61). Rotaviruses with G2, G3, G4, P[4], or P[6] specificity were not detected. For three strains (4.9%) bearing G1 genotype, the VP4 specificity could no be determined, and two specimens (3.3%) remained G/P non-typeable. One rotavirus strain (HC91) bearing G12P[9] genotype with a "long" electropherotype was isolated from an 11-month-old boy with diarrhea for the first time in Brazil. The cell-culture grown HC91 strain was shown to belong to serotype G12 by neutralization.

Emergence of G12 Rotavirus Strains in Delhi, India, in 2000 to 2007

“…Regular detection of G12 has been reported in Bangladesh, Nepal, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, the United States, Belgium, Argentina, Brazil, Hungary, and Slovenia, similar to the emergence of G9 strains previously (4,9,23,38,40,41,50). The high level of VP7 sequence homology within the recently detected G12 strains indicates a common Se585-like ancestor (strains having a genetic makeup similar to that of Se585).…”

“…In the 1990s, a new genotype, G9, emerged in India and is now quite common worldwide (22,27,29,31,36). Several recent international studies have demonstrated a novel G12 rotavirus to be emerging as well (2,4,9,38,43,49,56). Studies from India, Bangladesh, and Nepal have recently shown a high prevalence of G12 and its association with multiple VP4 genotypes (40,41,47,53).…”

The detection and molecular characterization of human G12 genotypes in South Africa

“…However, between January 2003 and April 2005, serotype G12s accounted for 17.1% of all strains detected in eastern India . Serotype G12 strains have also been detected in South America [Pietruchinski et al, 2006], Europe [Banerjee et al, 2007;Banyai et al, 2007;Steyer et al, 2007b], Asia [Shinozaki et al, 2004;Uchida et al, 2006;Pun et al, 2007], and Australia [Kirkwood et al, 2006].…”

Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review

“…The first period included 653 RV-A-positive samples that were collected from 1982-1995; these cases were reported in 15 papers in our literature review (Linhares et al 1988, Stewien et al 1994, Gusmão et al 1995, Leite et al 1996, Mascarenhas et al 1998, Cardoso et al 2000, 2001, Carmona et al 2004. The second period included 1,839 RV-A-positive samples that were collected from 1996-2005; these cases were reported in 19 articles in our literature review (Santos et al 1998, 2005b, Araújo et al 2002, Rosa-e-Silva et al 2002, Souza et al 2003, Luz et al 2005, Carmona et al 2006, Carvalho-Costa et al 2006, 2009, Pietruchinski et al 2006, Andreasi et al 2007, Gouvea et al 2007, Montenegro et al 2007, Martini et al 2008, Domingues et al 2008, Ribeiro et al 2008. Altogether, during the pre-vaccination era, 2,492 RV-A-positive faecal samples were typed, either by use of monoclonal antibody or PCR assays.…”