Rosmarinus officinalis L.: an update review of its phytochemistry and biological activity

Abstract

Herbal medicine is one of the oldest valuable bestowals that were given to mankind. Many plants and herbs hold their prestigious position in the field of medicine. The worldwide interest in the use of medicinal plants has been growing, and its beneficial effects being rediscovered for the development of new drugs. Based on their vast ethnopharmacological applications, which inspired current research in drug discovery, natural products can provide new and important leads against various pharmacological targets. This work pioneers an extensive and an updated literature review on the current state of research on Rosmarinus officinalis L., elucidating which compounds and biological activities are the most relevant. According to these references, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic properties of this plant, regarding carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid and the essential oil. The present manuscript provides an updated review upon the most reported activities on R. officinalis and its active constituents. This knowledge about the medicinal plants usage can also be extended to other fields like field of pharmacology. In view of the nature of the plant, more research work can be done on humans so that a drug with multifarious effects will be available in the future market.

The Essential Oil of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. from Italy as a Source of Health-Promoting Compounds: Chemical Profile and Antioxidant and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity

“…The relative quantities, presence, and/or absence of rosemary essential oils’ constituents are strongly affected by environmental conditions and agronomic management practices, as shown in literature data. According to Pintore et al [ 31 ], Angioni et al [ 10 ] demonstrated that Sardinian rosemary essential oil is an α-pinene/borneol/bornyl acetate/verbenone chemotype. Compared with our essential oils, Sardinian samples presented more content in α-pinene (~23%), borneol (~16%), bornyl-acetate (~10.4%), and camphene (~7.6%) but lower camphor content in camphor (~4.5%).…”

“…S. rosmarinus is also a rich source of essential oil [ 9 ]. Taking into account that numerous aspects, such as area of collection, time of harvest, and environmental and agronomic factors, influence the chemical composition of rosemary essential oil, several studies analysed the chemical profile of rosemary essential oil in different stages of ontogenesis in Greece [ 10 ] and Turkey [ 11 ], under the influence of different climatic factors in Tunisia [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] and Turkey [ 16 ], at different altitudes in Spain [ 17 ], and at different latitudes and longitudes in Sardinia (Italy) [ 18 ], as well as in dependence of pedological characteristics in France [ 19 ].…”

Role of botanical essential oils as a therapy for controlling coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (Covid-19)

“…Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae, is a medicinal plant of Mediterranean origin that has been distributed throughout different areas of the world (González-Minero et al, 2020; Kompelly et al, 2019). Rosmarinus officinalis is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle like leaves and white, pink, purple or blue flowers and found throughout India (Kompelly et al, 2019). Rosmarinus officinalis is an ancient plant considered to be medicinal in the European Pharmacopoeia (González-Minero et al, 2020; Kompelly et al, 2019).…”

“…Rosmarinus officinalis is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle like leaves and white, pink, purple or blue flowers and found throughout India (Kompelly et al, 2019). Rosmarinus officinalis is an ancient plant considered to be medicinal in the European Pharmacopoeia (González-Minero et al, 2020; Kompelly et al, 2019). It has many medicinal properties, and its extracts have been used (mainly orally) in folk medicine.…”

“…One of these plants is rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), a plant with medicinal properties, of which extracts appear in the composition of hundreds of cosmetics (González-Minero et al, 2020). Rosemary oil is used as a food seasoning, due to its chemical compound constituents responsible for the anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, antimicrobial, hepatoprotectivity, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anti-obesity, ulcerative colitis, neuroprotective properties (Kompelly et al, 2019). On the other hand, the bioactivities of rosemary extracts include properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial activity.…”