ROS signaling loops — production, perception, regulation

Chloroplast-generated ROS dominate NaCl-induced K+efflux in wheat leaf mesophyll

“…24,25 While in animal systems mitochondria are the main sources of ROS production, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are the largest ROS producers in green plant tissues, producing 20-fold more ROS than mitochondria under the light. 26 With this notion, internal H 2 O 2 concentration in leaf mitochondria remained unchanged under salt stress in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive pea varieties, compared with the control. 27 Importantly, chloroplasts not only provide cell with the energy but also represent a sensor of environmental information, and chloroplast redox signals help to acclimate the organism to environmental stresses.…”

Is DNA methylation modulated by wounding-induced oxidative burst in maize?

“…The rapidness and reversibility of DNA methylation changes upon stresses suggest an involvement of non-enzymatic reactions driven by massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) called oxidative burst. ROS signaling pathways appear to play a central role in the coordination of plant responses to a wide variety of stresses and can lead to alterations in DNA methylation (Wrzaczek et al, 2013). These changes in DNA methylation patterns can 15 strongly affect the regulation of expression of many genes.…”

Reactive oxygen species and plant resistance to fungal pathogens

“…However, under several biotic and abiotic stress conditions the secondary messenger Ca 2+ is also induced besides ROS accumulation. Since ROS and Ca 2+ are co-produced and co-regulate each other, the analysis of the regulation of these pathways is complex (Wrzaczek et al, 2013). One of the best characterised defence signalling pathways regulated by oxidation events is the induction of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent responses and attending regulation of two key regulators: the SA receptor NPR1 and TGA transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana (Liao et al, 2012;Fu and Dong, 2013).…”