Rooting of Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia) in Different Propagation Systems and Reproductive Phases

Abstract

Closed environment and controlled irrigation techniques are conventionally used to root camu-camu stem cuttings. But development of other techniques of camu-camu propagation is required for smallholder growers in Peru, who cultivate camu-camu on restingas, old river levee fragments on the margins of white-water rivers. Additionally, the month in which cuttings are collected from camu-camu restingas plantations could influence their rooting capacity, influencing the effectiveness at the propagation bed stage. Here, we test propagation systems (enclosure and outdoor) and types of irrigation (watering daily with without basal reservoir and weekly watering with basal reservoir) and their combined effect on rooting of camu-camu, collected at different phenological stages (flowering and fruiting). An outdoor propagation system and weekly irrigation with basal reservoir was sufficient to root camu-camu, and can be recommended for smallholder growers of camu-camu in Peru. Phenological stage had no significant effect on either rooting percentage or camu-camu root growth. Thus, restingas camu-camu cuttings can be collected during the dry season. There was an overall average of 52% of saplings formed (cuttings with presence of roots and shoots) and 69% of cuttings with roots.

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“…Santana (2009) and Delgado & Yuyama (2011) mention that cuttings with high rooting index, but without sprouts, do not guarantee the plant propagation. NS was higher than numbers reported by other authors, who worked with camu-camu propagation by cuttings (Oliva, 2005a;2005b;Galucio, 2002, Yuyama, 2002Santana, 2009;Delgado & Yuyama, 2011& Delgado et al, 2015.…”

“…"Propagation by cuttings has been the most used method for the maintenance of the genetic characteristics of the stock plants, aiming at uniformity, size reduction and precocity" (Hartmann et al, 2011). "Although many studies have shown satisfactory results with this propagation method in camu-camu, together with growth regulators, there are no reports regarding the genotype influence on the rooting capacity of the species" (Galucio, 2002;Yuyama, Aguiar & Yuyama, 2002;Cruz, 2005aCruz, , 2005bSantana, 2009;Delgado & Yuyama, 2010;Delgado et al, 2015).…”

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“…Santana (2009) and Delgado & Yuyama (2011) mention that cuttings with high rooting index, but without sprouts, do not guarantee the plant propagation. NS was higher than numbers reported by other authors, who worked with camu-camu propagation by cuttings (Oliva, 2005a;2005b;Galucio, 2002, Yuyama, 2002Santana, 2009;Delgado & Yuyama, 2011& Delgado et al, 2015.…”

“…"Propagation by cuttings has been the most used method for the maintenance of the genetic characteristics of the stock plants, aiming at uniformity, size reduction and precocity" (Hartmann et al, 2011). "Although many studies have shown satisfactory results with this propagation method in camu-camu, together with growth regulators, there are no reports regarding the genotype influence on the rooting capacity of the species" (Galucio, 2002;Yuyama, Aguiar & Yuyama, 2002;Cruz, 2005aCruz, , 2005bSantana, 2009;Delgado & Yuyama, 2010;Delgado et al, 2015).…”

“…Thus, "propagation of promising camu-camu subsamples becomes a viable alternative for the obtainment of homogeneous plants with desirable characteristics, and which are adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of a particular region" (Almeida et al, 2014;Delgado et al, 2015;Melo et al, 2019). Therefore, the availability of plant material which is genetically uniform, productive and presents excellent propagation capacity is key to the expansion and promotion of camu-camu culture in Northern Amazon, especially in Roraima state.…”