RESUMO -O fruto do camu-camu chama a atenção pelo alto teor de vitamina C (877 a 6.116 mg/100 g de polpa). A propagação normalmente é por semente, que proporciona segregação em diferentes características de interesse comercial, enquanto a propagação vegetativa permite obter plantas de melhor uniformidade. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do ácido indolbutírico -AIB (0 e 200 mg L -1 ), no enraizamento de estacas provenientes de ramos juvenis de camu-camu (5; 10 e 20 cm de comprimento, com 2 a 3 cm de diâmetro). As estacas de 20 cm de comprimento com aplicação de AIB são indicadas para a produção de mudas, cujo índice atinge 50% de mudas formadas (brotos + raiz). A utilização de AIB produziu um efeito positivo no desenvolvimento do número e comprimento de raízes. O índice de estacas enraizadas foi de 58% com a utilização de AIB e de 5% sem AIB. Efeito negativo foi observado em relação ao número de brotos (com AIB: 1,0; sem AIB: 1,8) e estacas brotadas (com AIB: 22%, sem AIB: 49%). As estacas de 20 cm de comprimento comportam-se positivamente no número de brotos por estaca (2,0) e estacas brotadas (55%), em relação às estacas de 10 cm com 1,1 broto e 33%, e 5 cm com 1,1 broto e 19%. Termos para indexação: Myrciaria dubia, enraizamento, estaquia, AIB, produção de mudas. CUTTING LENGHT OF CAMU-CAMU WITH INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID FOR CLONAL PRODUCTIONABSTRACT-The fruit of camu-camu is attractive because of its high vitamin C content (877 to 6113 mg/100 g of pulp). Its propagation normally is by seed, which segregate for different characteristics of commercial interest; hence a vegetative propagation method would allow better uniformity. This study evaluated the effect of indolebutyric acid -IBA (0 and 200 mg L -1 ) on rooting of young branches of camu-camu (5, 10 and 20 cm of length and 2 to 3 cm in diameter). The 20 cm long cuttings with IBA application were most appropriate for production of camu-camu clones, with 50% successfully formed (sprouts + root). IBA had a positive effect in the development of root number (with IBA -12; without IBA -1), root length (with IBA -11 cm; without IBA -4 cm) and rooted cuttings (with IBA -58%; without IBA -5%), but negative in sprout number (with IBA -1.0; without IBA -1.8) and cuttings sprouted (with IBA -22%; without IBA -49%). The 20 cm long cuttings had 2.0 sprouts and 55% cuttings sprouted, while the 10 cm cuttings had 1.1 sprouts and 33%, and the 5 cm had 1.1 sprouts and 19%.

Closed environment and controlled irrigation techniques are conventionally used to root camu-camu stem cuttings. But development of other techniques of camu-camu propagation is required for smallholder growers in Peru, who cultivate camu-camu on restingas, old river levee fragments on the margins of white-water rivers. Additionally, the month in which cuttings are collected from camu-camu restingas plantations could influence their rooting capacity, influencing the effectiveness at the propagation bed stage. Here, we test propagation systems (enclosure and outdoor) and types of irrigation (watering daily with without basal reservoir and weekly watering with basal reservoir) and their combined effect on rooting of camu-camu, collected at different phenological stages (flowering and fruiting). An outdoor propagation system and weekly irrigation with basal reservoir was sufficient to root camu-camu, and can be recommended for smallholder growers of camu-camu in Peru. Phenological stage had no significant effect on either rooting percentage or camu-camu root growth. Thus, restingas camu-camu cuttings can be collected during the dry season. There was an overall average of 52% of saplings formed (cuttings with presence of roots and shoots) and 69% of cuttings with roots.

-Introduction. The branches of camu-camu should start sprouting from its base, in order to be positively related to a fruit yield increase. The objective of this study was to consider how plant growth and fruit yield varied according to the plantation type and crop management system. Materials and methods. The growth of the crown and fruit production under different types of plantations originating from cuttings, grafts or seedlings, and seed plantation management: fertilization, pruning and planting different densities, were compared. Results and discussion. Cutting plants formed more branches than those originating from grafting, regardless of the origin of the grafted scion. In seed plantations, zero fertilization and pruning had no effect on the formation of basal branches, but pruning delayed fruit production. Plantations with three plants per hole produced significantly greater numbers of basal branches, but further evaluation is necessary to analyze the effect of this on fruit production. Conclusion. Cutting plantations are technically more desirable than grafting ones because camu-camu trees have better branching from the base. In seed plantations, the selection of plants for their abundant branching from the base is technically feasible. In addition, planting three plants per hole seems promising for improving branching.Keywords: Brazil / Amazon / camu-camu / Myrciaria dubia / crop management / fruiting / plant growth form / pruning Résumé -Un plus grand nombre de branches permet-il d'améliorer le potentiel de production fruitière du camucamu ? Expérimentation de différents types de plantation et de gestion des cultures. Introduction. Pour être plus productives en fruits les branches du camucamu doivent partir de la base de la plante. L'objectif de cette étude était d'examiner comment la croissance des plantes et le rendement en fruits variaient selon le type de plantation et le système de gestion des cultures. Matériel et méthodes. Les paramètres de croissance de la couronne et de production de fruits ont été observés dans des plantations issues de plants bouturés, greffés ou de semis ; et dans la plantation issue de plants de semis, les effets de la fertilisation, de la taille et de la densité de peuplement ont été comparés. Résultats et discussion. Les plantes issues de bouturage ont formé plus de branches que celles provenant de greffage, indépendamment de l'origine du greffon. Dans les plantations issues de semis, l'absence de fertilisation et la taille n'ont eu aucun effet sur la formation de branches basales, bien que la taille a retardé la production de fruits. Les plantations avec trois plants par trou ont produit un nombre de branches basales significativement plus grand, mais une analyse plus approfondie de l'effet de ce traitement sur la production de fruits est nécessaire. Conclusion. Utiliser des plants bouturés est techniquement plus souhaitable que des plants greffés pour une meilleure ramification basale des camucamu. Dans les plantations issues de semis, la sélection des plant...

Breeding programs for improvement of sacha-inchi, Plukenetia volubilis L., generally aim to select individuals with greater seed yield since there is a strong correlation between seed yield and oil production. However, the manual removal of seed husks for evaluating this trait is laborious and costly, thereby discouraging breeding efforts. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to estimate gains from indirect selection of seed production in sacha-inchi progenies, focusing on maximizing efficiency in improvement programs. Genetic parameters along with direct and indirect selection gains were estimated for seed yield traits in 12 open-pollinated progenies. Strong genetic correlations were observed between total number of fruits (TNF), total weight of fruits (TWF), and total weight of seeds (TWS) per plant (r > 0.96). Notably, all three traits demonstrated high heritability (h2 > 0.81). Therefore, plants with high TNF and TWF (Cuzco, Dos de Mayo, Shanao, Aucaloma, and AM-7) can be used to indirectly select the genetic traits of higher seed yields (GS% = 23%). Genetic gain for dry seed production with a selection index of 42% was estimated at 23%, which corresponds to 118 kg.ha−1. Future sacha-inchi improvement programs can select progenies with high TNF and TWF to facilitate the selection of progenies with high TWS.

Presentamos el caso del camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia-Myrtaceae), arbusto perenne con alto contenido de ácido ascórbico (1.5 a 3% de la pulpa de! fruto). Se lograron avances en el campo tecnológico y socio-económico, en un horizonte de 50 años de trabajo en un área central de la amazonia no conectada por carretera a grandes mercados. En esta región, se está desarrollando, desde hace 35 años mejoramiento genético y agronómico del camu-camu, en inter-acci6n con el sistema tradicional agroforestal en humedales-tipo varzea del pequeño productor. El objetivo es lograr mediante la incorporaci6n del frutal,  mayor resiliencia en  un contexto de sostenibilidad del sistema  productivo  agroforestal, frente al  cambio climático y la pobreza imperante. Las actividades  son: colecci6n, evaluación, selección, multiplicación y transferencia  de tecnología. Se aplicaron técnicas de muestreo, evaluaciones  de campo  y  laboratorio,  diseños y  cálculos  estadísticos uni y multivariados. Se ha logrado la selecci6n y distribuci6n de plantas superiores de camu-camu, tecnologías de propagaci6n, manejo de vivero, instalaci6n de plantaciones, abonamiento y defoliaci6n, manejo de plagas, asociaci6n de! camu-camu con especies temporales y perennes, métodos para la promoci6n de la especie y la inter-acci6n social investigador-productor. Se requiere encontrar un equilibrio, donde los conceptos de sostenibilidad , agroforesteria y producci6n orgánica constituyen argumentos adecuados y vigentes Se concluye que la  propuesta productiva, es adecuada para enfrentar la pobreza y el cambio climático, pero que aún no se consolida el aspecto comercial, proponiéndose el mercado interno como opción alternativa .