Romancing The Celluloid Nature: A Review of American Zoo Exhibits, Part I

Kawata, Ken

doi:10.1016/j.zoolgart.2011.08.002

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Because bending strength ratios reflect mechanical loadings in specific planes, and not, for example, overall bone size, they are unlikely to be caused by general systemic effects on the skeleton such as diet, but rather to specific behavioral modifications (Carlson & Judex, ; MacDonald et al, ; Shaw & Stock, , 2009b). One result of a non‐naturalistic (see Kawata, and Suppoting Information Text) zoo environment on large‐bodied hominoids is a relative lack of opportunities for locomotion on arboreal substrates, including climbing. The fact that adult captive G. g. gorilla more closely resemble adult G. b. beringei , who are more terrestrial than wild G. g. gorilla (Doran, ; Ruff et al, ), also suggests that the critical behavioral modification among captives may be related to lower frequencies of arboreality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except for Lewton (), a problem with all of these studies is that the history of many or all of the captive animals was not known, that is, when they were captive and the conditions of captivity, especially the opportunities to practice realistic (wild‐simulating) locomotor behavior. These details of an individual's history are critical, because the effects of altered mechanical loadings on bone structure vary during development (Pearson & Lieberman, ; Ruff, Walker, & Trinkaus, ), and because enclosure styles themselves have undergone extensive changes in an attempt to create more naturalistic environments (Kawata, ; Newberry, ; Ross, Wagner, Schapiro, Hau, & Lukas, ; also, see Supporting Information Text). Just as great ape enclosures are different today than they were in the past, captive apes of the past may be behaviorally different than captive apes of the present—not all captivity should be considered equal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long bone diaphyseal shape follows different ontogenetic trajectories in captive and wild gorillas

Canington

Sylvester

Burgess

et al. 2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long bone diaphyseal shape follows different ontogenetic trajectories in captive and wild gorillas

Canington

Sylvester

Burgess

et al. 2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…In these exhibit areas, which have been developed by Carl Hagenbeck, the visibility of boundary elements is minimized; however, inorganic materals are still used in exhibit areas. In this method, it is not focued on the education of visitors, but on the view; visitors are able to see the animals without any obstruction with the help of ditches and railings below eye level 21,25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visitors Experiences in Different Zoo Exhibits

Yılmaz

Düzenli

Çiğdem

2017

Curr. World Environ

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Zoos help people to learn through exhibiting the relationships of animals in nature. Therefore, they have the important missions of education and protection of wild life. Most of these missions are achieved through visitors' experiences in exhibit areas. Therefore, it is important to understand visitors' experiences in the zoo and know the reasons that affect these experiences. Animals should exhibit normal behaviors actively to enable visitors to have positive experiences during their visits. For this reason, the design of exhibit areas is significant. The purpose of this study is to determine the visitors' perceptual descriptions in the zoos including different exhibit areas and their reasons to visit them. Thus, the role of the zoos in enabling visitors to learn nature protection and have environmental consciousness is explored correlating with zoo typologies. In this study, three zoos in different typologies in Turkey have been examined and it is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the typologies of the zoos have been identified. In the second stage, a questionnaire has been conducted to find out the visitors' visiting aims, the extent they reached these aims, their level of appreciation and their perceptions on exhibit areas. The questionnaire has been performed with 450 zoo visitors, and there have been 150 visitors from each zoo. According to the results of this study, it has been explored that visitors visit the zoos mostly for "education" without considering the design approach. However, it has been found out that the design of exhibit areas affects visitors' level of appreciation and their zoo descriptions. It has been identified that as the level of appreciation increases, the level of reaching aims increases.

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“…This requires consideration of the species’ natural habitat, ecology and behavior, to ensure that their psychological and physiological needs are met [Hancocks, ; Kelling and Gaalema, ]. Despite a trend toward exhibit naturalism, the dynamic complexity of the natural world has thus far proved challenging to replicate [Kawata, ]. Zoos have often failed to maintain their inhabitants’ health, breeding status and wild behavioral repertoires, due to the restrictions imposed by a captive environment [Young, ] and limited scientific understanding of natural behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Husbandry and enclosure influences on penguin behavior and conservation breeding

et al. 2016

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Multi-zoo comparisons of animal welfare are rare, and yet vital for ensuring continued improvement of zoo enclosures and husbandry. Methods are not standardized for the development of zoo enclosures based on multiple indicators, and case study species are required. This study compares behavior and breeding success to various enclosure and husbandry parameters for the Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti, for the development of improved enclosure design. Behavioral sampling was completed at Flamingo Land over a period of 8 months. Further data on behavior, enclosure design, and breeding success were collected via questionnaires, visits to zoos, and literature review. Breeding success was primarily influenced by colony age and number of breeding pairs, suggesting an important social influence on reproduction. Across zoos, there was also significant variation in behavior. The proportion of time spent in water varied between zoos (2-23%) and was used as an indicator of physical activity and natural behavior. Regression models revealed that water-use was best predicted by total enclosure area per penguin, followed by land area, with some evidence for positive influence of pool surface area per penguin. Predominantly linear/curvilinear increases in our biological indicators with enclosure parameters suggest that optimal conditions for S. humboldti were not met among the selected zoos. We propose revised minimum conditions for S. humboldti enclosure design, which exceed those in the existing husbandry guidelines. We present a framework for the evaluation of zoo enclosures and suggest that a rigorous scientific protocol be established for the design of new enclosures, based on multivariate methods. Zoo Biol. 35:385-397, 2016. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Romancing The Celluloid Nature: A Review of American Zoo Exhibits, Part I

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Long bone diaphyseal shape follows different ontogenetic trajectories in captive and wild gorillas

Long bone diaphyseal shape follows different ontogenetic trajectories in captive and wild gorillas

Visitors Experiences in Different Zoo Exhibits

Husbandry and enclosure influences on penguin behavior and conservation breeding

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