Roles of sulfur in floating-catalyst CVD growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes for transparent conductive film applications

Ahmad, Saeed; Ding, Er‐Xiong; Zhang, Qiang; Jiang, Hua; Sainio, Jani; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Hussain, Aqeel; Liao, Yongping; Kauppinen, Esko I.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122010

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…The flow rates were adjusted to sum to 0.5 slpm, which contained 0.36-0.44 slpm of N 2 depending on other conditions. Lowdimensional carbon was formed in the CVD reactor [30,34] from 0.1 × 10 −3 slpm (200 ppm in volume) of ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) (99.999% from AGA). The synthesis mediator was hydrogen gas (H 2 , 99.999% from AGA) having respective flow rates of 0.13-0.05 slpm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments were conducted using an in-house built floating catalyst CVD (FC-CVD) system, [30,34] which was earlier developed to study SWCNT formation and aggregation. [35] The catalyst nanoparticles are formed in a spark discharge generator (SDG) under a nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere and introduced to the CVD reactor (see Figure 1a).…”

Section: Experimental Set-up and Materials Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[39] More exhaustive details of the synthesis and deposition are given in the Experimental Section and technical descriptions in references. [30,34,40]…”

Section: Experimental Set-up and Materials Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Low‐Dimensional Carbon Allotropes Formed in Gas Phase

Ahmad

Mustonen

McLean

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes are the basic set of low-dimensional carbon allotropes. The latter two arise from the former by selective removal and addition of carbon atoms. Nevertheless, given their morphological disparities, the production of each is typically devised from entirely different starting points. Here, it is demonstrated that all three allotropes can nucleate from (pseudo-)spherical, nanometer-sized transition metal clusters in a gas-suspension when the chemical conditions are favorable. The experimental results indicate that graphitic carbon embryos nucleate on the catalyst particles and sometimes transform into 2D graphene flakes through chain polymerization of carbon fragments forming in the surround gas atmosphere. It is further shown that hydrogenation reactions play an essential role by stabilizing the emerging flakes by mitigating the pentagon and heptagon defects that lead into evolution of fulleroids. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that the ratio of hydrogen to carbon in the reaction is a key growth parameter. Since structural formation takes place in a gas-suspension, graphene accompanied by fullerenes and singlewalled CNTs can be deposited on any surface at ambient temperature with arbitrary layer thicknesses. This provides a direct route for the production and deposition of graphene-based hybrid thin films for various applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Set-up and Materials Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Low‐Dimensional Carbon Allotropes Formed in Gas Phase

Ahmad

Mustonen

McLean

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

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“…Recently, chiral perovskites have attracted increasing research attention due to their novel optoelectronic properties since they were first synthesized in 2003 18,19 . Chiral organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, which possess chirality due to the incorporated chiral organic molecules, were theoretically predicted 20 and synthesized [21][22][23][24][25] with significant optical activity. On the other hand, without electronic interactions with chiral molecules, the design of optically chiral perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) relies solely on symmetry breaking through chiral defects or chiral assembled structures of the inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (IPNCs) themselves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous discovery of optically active chiral inorganic perovskite nanocrystals through an intelligent cloud lab

Liu

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

116

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We constructed an intelligent cloud lab that integrates lab automation with cloud servers and artificial intelligence (AI) to detect chirality in perovskites. Driven by the materials acceleration operating system in cloud (MAOSIC) platform, on-demand experimental design by remote users was enabled in this cloud lab. By employing artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) technology, synthesis, characterization, and parameter optimization can be autonomously achieved. Through the remote collaboration of researchers, optically active inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (IPNCs) were first synthesized with temperature-dependent circular dichroism (CD) and inversion control. The inter-structure (structural patterns) and intrastructure (screw dislocations) dual-pattern-induced mechanisms detected by MAOSIC were comprehensively investigated, and offline theoretical analysis revealed the thermodynamic mechanism inside the materials. This self-driving cloud lab enables efficient and reliable collaborations across the world, reduces the setup costs of in-house facilities, combines offline theoretic analysis, and is practical for accelerating the speed of material discovery.

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“…CNT film, a macroscopic assembly of nanoscale individual CNTs, can be fabricated by various approaches, such as floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], dry spinning [ 19 ], solution-based coating [ 20 ], printing [ 21 ] and vacuum filtration [ 22 ], with different types of architectures, including non-woven cloth, vertical alignment, aligned networks, transparent film, random planar film and compressible foams [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sieve-Like CNT Film Coupled with TiO2 Nanowire for High-Performance Continuous-Flow Photodegradation of Rhodamine B under Visible Light Irradiation

Yang

Liu

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Continuous-flow photoreactors hold great promise for the highly efficient photodegradation of pollutants due to their continuity and sustainability. However, how to enable a continuous-flow photoreactor with the combined features of high photodegradation efficiency and durability as well as broad-wavelength light absorption and large-scale processing remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and effective strategy to construct a sieve-like carbon nanotube (CNT)/TiO2 nanowire film (SCTF) with superior flexibility (180° bending), high tensile strength (75–82 MPa), good surface wettability, essential light penetration and convenient visible light absorption. Significantly, the unique architecture, featuring abundant, well-ordered and uniform mesopores with ca. 70 µm in diameter, as well as a homogenous distribution of TiO2 nanowires with an average diameter of ca. 500 nm, could act as a “waterway” for efficient solution infiltration through the SCTF, thereby, enabling the photocatalytic degradation of polluted water in a continuous-flow mode. The optimized SCTF-2.5 displayed favorable photocatalytic behavior with 96% degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) within 80 min and a rate constant of 0.0394 min−1. The continuous-flow photodegradation device made using SCTF-2.5 featured exceptional photocatalytic behavior for the continuous degradation of RhB under simulated solar irradiation with a high degradation ratio (99.6%) and long-term stability (99.2% retention after working continuously for 72 h). This work sheds light on new strategies for designing and fabricating high-performance continuous-flow photoreactors toward future uses.

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Roles of sulfur in floating-catalyst CVD growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes for transparent conductive film applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 91 publications

Hybrid Low‐Dimensional Carbon Allotropes Formed in Gas Phase

Hybrid Low‐Dimensional Carbon Allotropes Formed in Gas Phase

Autonomous discovery of optically active chiral inorganic perovskite nanocrystals through an intelligent cloud lab

Sieve-Like CNT Film Coupled with TiO2 Nanowire for High-Performance Continuous-Flow Photodegradation of Rhodamine B under Visible Light Irradiation

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