Role of three-dimensional printing in periodontal regeneration and repair: Literature review

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is the process of building 3D objects by additive manufacturing approach. It is being used in endodontics, periodontology, maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics, orthodontics, and restorative dentistry, but our review article is focused on periodontal application. A detailed literature search was done on PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar using various key terms. A total of 45 articles were included in this study. Most of the studies were in vitro, preclinical, case reports, retrospective, and prospective studies. Few clinical trials have also been done. Periodontal applications included education models, scaffolds, socket preservation, and sinus and bone augmentation and guided implant placement. It showed better alveolar ridge preservation, better regenerative capabilities, greater reduction in pocket depth and bony fill, ease of implant placement in complex cases with greater precision and reduced time with improved outcome and an important tool for education and training using simulated models.

New experimental setup for the measurement of cleaning efficacy and force of interdental aids in 3D-reproduced interdental areas

“…Consequently, only in in vitro set-ups, like in the chosen one, a standardized measurement of cleaning efficacy is possible [16]. The reproduced 3D printed replicas [13] allowed with high precision the differentiation between the ECE of different surface morphologies such as plane, concave and convex surfaces [24].…”

Additive Manufacturing of Material Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration: Toward Application in the Clinics

“…[22] However, it is not commonly used in bone tissue engineering since the resin can be cytotoxic. [136,148] Besides, it is quite expensive, [14] even if the machines are small and their use intuitive (Table 3).…”

“…This provides a unique possibility to fabricate patient-specific implants, which enable to reduce the surgery time, since the surgeon does not need to adjust the implant to the patient anymore. [13][14][15] Thus, AM is used in personalized medicine and particularly well adapted for bone defects resulting from trauma or tumor resection where the defects shapes can be very complex.…”

3d Printing-Periodontal Perspective

“…Different techniques of 3D printing have been reported in literature with advantages and disadvantage of each technique. These include stereolithography, photopolymer jetting, selective laser sintering, 3 fused deposition modeling, and powder binder printers.…”