Role of the liver in the metabolic control of eating: What we know—and what we do not know

Langhans, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00045-g

Cited by 69 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The post-absorptive phase of satiety represents the effects which result from the metabolism of absorbed nutrients, and which may affect the metabolic rate and, for instance, the membrane potential of liver cells (Langhans, 1996). Alternatively, absorbed nutrients may act directly on the brain after crossing the blood-brain barrier, or may in¯uence the brain indirectly via neural inputs, following the stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors (Blundell and Halford, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satiety related to 24 h diet-induced thermogenesis during high protein/carbohydrate vs high fat diets measured in a respiration chamber

Rolland²,

et al. 1999

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Objective: Assessment of a possible relationship between perception of satiety and diet-induced thermogenesis, with different macronutrient compositions, in a controlled situation over 24 h. Design: Two diets with different macronutrient compositions were offered to all subjects in randomized order. Setting: The study was executed in the respiration chambers at the department of Human Biology, Maastricht University. Subjects: Subjects were eight females, ages 23 ± 33 y, BMI 23 AE3 kgam 2 , recruited from University staff and students.Interventions: Subjects were fed in energy balance, with proteinacarbohydrateafat: 29a61a10 and 9a30a61 percentage of energy, with ®xed meal sizes and meal intervals, and a ®xed activity protocol, during 36 h experiments in a respiration chamber. The appetite pro®le was assessed by questionnaires during the day and during meals. Diet induced thermogenesis was determined as part of the energy expenditure. Results: Energy balance was almost complete, with non-signi®cant deviations. Diet-Induced-Thermogenesis (DIT) was 14.6 AE2.9%, on the high proteinacarbohydrate diet, and 10.5 AE3.8% on the high fat diet (P`0.01). With the high proteinahigh carbohydrate diet, satiety was higher during meals (P`0.001; P`0.05), as well as over 24 h (P`0.001), than with the high fat diet. Within one diet, 24 h DIT and satiety were correlated (r 0.6; P`0.05). The difference in DIT between the diets correlated with the differences in satiety (r 0.8; P`0.01). Conclusion: In lean women, satiety and DIT were synchronously higher with a high proteinahigh carbohydrate diet than with a high fat diet. Differences (due to the different macronutrient compositions) in DIT correlated with differences in satiety over 24 h.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satiety related to 24 h diet-induced thermogenesis during high protein/carbohydrate vs high fat diets measured in a respiration chamber

Rolland²,

et al. 1999

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“…Outro análogo (2,5-anidromanitol) estimula a ingestão alimentar quando administrado por via intracerebroventricular (icv), mas não quando administrado por via intraperitoneal (ip) (7). Piruvato e lactato, dois metabólitos da glicose, também diminuem a ingestão alimentar quando injetados perifericamente (8). Glucosamina e N-acetilgluco-samina aumentam a ingestão alimentar quando administrados a ratos por via oral (vo) (22).…”

Section: A Análogos E Metabólitos Da Hexoseunclassified

“…A perda de peso foi evidente em 3 meses e continuou além de 6 meses de tratamento. Embora tenha ocorrido alguma recuperação de peso, 50 pacientes tratados por 60 a 66 meses estavam 3,3kg abaixo do peso inicial (8). Em outro estudo (59), 14 de 16 pacientes que permaneceram no estudo por pelo menos 6 meses tiveram uma perda de peso média de 11%.…”

Section: A Glicose E Análogos Da Glicoseunclassified

“…É interessante que a produção de saciedade precoce pela CCK independe da integridade do hipotálamo medial, uma vez que ocorre em humanos com lesão hipotalâmica e obesidade. Estudos em humanos demonstram que a CCK reduz a ingestão alimentar em aproximadamente 27% em indivíduos não obesos e 21% em obesos e que os efeitos colaterais são basicamente gastrintestinais (8).…”

Section: Peptídeos Agentes De Ação Periféricaunclassified

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Aspectos fisiológicos do balanço energético

Mancini

Halpern

2002

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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RESUMOconhecidos. Nesta revisão, abordamos os nutrientes, monoaminas e peptídeos que podem levar a redução da ingestão e, em alguns casos, aumentar a ingestão de alimentos. Vários desses mecanismos podem levar ao desenvolvimento de novas abordagens no tratamento da obesidade ou na elucidação do mecanismo de ação de agentes farmacológicos. NUTRIENTES Agentes de Ação Periférica a. Análogos e metabólitos da hexoseA teoria glicostática (1) propõe que taxas de utilização de glicose podem ser sinais para iniciar ou ultimar a ingestão alimentar.Glicose. Uma diminuição no nível de glicose pode preceder e iniciar a alimentação em animais e humanos (2,3). Infusões periféricas de glicose diminuem a ingestão alimentar em animais experimentais, sendo o nervo vago a conexão entre os glicorreceptores periféricos e o cérebro. Quando glicose é infundida na circulação portal, a descarga de aferentes vagais é reduzida à medida que a concentração de glicose aumenta (4). A infusão de glicose ou arginina diminui a taxa de transmissão aferente e aumenta a transmissão simpática eferente ao tecido adiposo marrom (5).

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“…This paper addresses comparative aspects of the control of feeding behaviour by peripheral signals generated by oxidation of fuels. Research with rodents and other laboratory species indicates that inhibition of fuel oxidation stimulates feeding, whereas stimulation of oxidation inhibits feeding, and that the signal to brain feeding centres is via hepatic vagal afferents (1) . Feeding behaviour of rats has been related to energy charge in the liver and synergistic effects of metabolic inhibitors suggest an integrated mechanism with a common signal related to hepatic energy status from oxidation of various fuels (2) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Control of food intake by metabolism of fuels: a comparison across species

Allen

Bradford

2012

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Research with laboratory species suggests that meals can be terminated by peripheral signals carried to brain feeding centres via hepatic vagal afferents, and that these signals are affected by oxidation of fuels. Pre-gastric fermentation in ruminants greatly alters fuels, allowing mechanisms conserved across species to be studied with different types and temporal absorption of fuels. These fuels include SCFA, glucose, lactate, amino acids and long-chain fatty acid (FA) isomers, all of which are absorbed and metabolised by different tissues at different rates. Propionate is produced by rumen microbes, absorbed within the timeframe of meals, and quickly cleared by the liver. Its hypophagic effects are variable, likely due to its fate; propionate is utilised for gluconeogenesis or oxidised and also stimulates oxidation of acetyl-CoA by anapleurosis. In contrast, acetate has little effect on food intake, likely because its uptake by the ruminant liver is negligible. Glucose is hypophagic in non-ruminants but not ruminants and unlike non-ruminant species, uptake of glucose by ruminant liver is negligible, consistent with the differences in hypophagic effects between them. Inhibition of FA oxidation increases food intake, whereas promotion of FA oxidation suppresses food intake. Hypophagic effects of fuel oxidation also vary with changes in metabolic state. The objective of this paper is to compare the type and utilisation of fuels and their effects on feeding across species. We believe that the hepatic oxidation theory allows insight into mechanisms controlling feeding behaviour that can be used to formulate diets to optimise energy balance in multiple species. Comparative metabolism: Food intake: Hepatic oxidationComparative metabolism can provide a valuable tool to improve understanding of physiological control mechanisms by investigating the similarities and differences across species. This paper addresses comparative aspects of the control of feeding behaviour by peripheral signals generated by oxidation of fuels. Research with rodents and other laboratory species indicates that inhibition of fuel oxidation stimulates feeding, whereas stimulation of oxidation inhibits feeding, and that the signal to brain feeding centres is via hepatic vagal afferents (1) . Feeding behaviour of rats has been related to energy charge in the liver and synergistic effects of metabolic inhibitors suggest an integrated mechanism with a common signal related to hepatic energy status from oxidation of various fuels (2) . However, the liver is only sparsely innervated with afferent fibres and the common hepatic vagus also innervates other tissues, including the duodenum (3) . The enterocyte was recently proposed as the primary sensor for fuel oxidation, casting doubt on a signal from the liver (4) . Evaluation of the ruminant model and comparison with non-ruminant models provides important insight into this issue because pre-gastric fermentation in ruminants greatly alters the type and temporal pattern of absorption of fuels. Rumen micr...

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Role of the liver in the metabolic control of eating: What we know—and what we do not know

Cited by 69 publications

References 82 publications

Satiety related to 24 h diet-induced thermogenesis during high protein/carbohydrate vs high fat diets measured in a respiration chamber

Satiety related to 24 h diet-induced thermogenesis during high protein/carbohydrate vs high fat diets measured in a respiration chamber

Aspectos fisiológicos do balanço energético

Control of food intake by metabolism of fuels: a comparison across species

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