Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Enzymes in Systemic Virus Infections of Plants

Abstract

Oxidative stress in compatible virus‐host plant interactions was studied in cucumber mosaic virus and zucchini yellow mosaic virus‐infected Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita pepo plants. Both cucumber mosaic virus‐ and zucchini yellow mosaic virus‐infected plants showed an enhanced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids indicating an advanced disintegration of membranes. Radical intermediates formed during lipid peroxidation co‐oxidize pigment molecules and might thus account for virus‐induced yellowing symptoms. Furthermore in infected plants an induction of superoxide dismutases, catalases, total peroxidases and ascorbate peroxidases was observed. All the peroxidase isoforms detected in Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita pepo, however, not only functioned as radical scavengers but also catalysed the formation of H2O2. Thus it can be presumed that the enhancement of peroxidases contributes to the oxidative stress in systemic plant‐virus interactions. By way of oxidation of indole‐3‐acetic acid upregulated peroxidases might also be responsible for growth reductions and malformations in virus‐infected plants.

Biochemical Characterization of Compatible Plant Virus Interaction: A Case Study with Bunchy Top Virus-Banana Host-Pathosystem

“…4a). This result is in accordance with the results of Tobacco mosaic virus infected tobacco (Lagrimini and Rothstein,1987), plum pox virus infected peaches, apricots (Diaz-Vivancos et al, 2006), Beans yellow mosaic virus infected beans (Radwan et al, 2010), Potato virus Y infected potato (Milavec et al, 2001), tomato and bell pepper infected with Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic tobamo virus (Madhusudhan et al, 2009), Cucumber mosaic virus and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus infected Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita pepo plants ( Riedle-Bauer, 2000), Tobacco mosaic virus infected tobacco plants (Kiraly et al, 2002), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infected tomato plants (Dieng et al, 2011), Banana bunchy top virus infected cultivars of banana (Devanathan et al, 2005), geminivirus infected Capsicum annum (Meena et al, 2008) and cotton with CLCuBuV (Siddique et al, 2014). Virus infection appears to stimulate POX activity in all hosts in (Wood, 1990).…”

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and hormone signalling in systemic infection of pea by Pea enation mosaic virus

“…POX not only scavenges H 2 O 2 , but also catalyses its formation. It was presumed that the increase in POX activity contributes to the oxidative stress in systemic plant-virus interactions (Riedle-Bauer 2000). Due to the PEMV inoculation, a remarkable enhancement of POX activity was recorded, which gradually decreased.…”

“…Increased levels of ROS were reported to be involved e.g. in pathogenesis and development of symptoms in compatible interactions of cucumber mosaic virus and zucchini yellow mosaic virus with plants of Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita pepo (Riedle-Bauer 2000). The characteristics of pathogen-induced "oxidative stress" (timing, concentration of RONS, etc.)…”

“…Peroxidase (POX) not only scavenges H 2 O 2 , but it is also able to catalyse its formation and thus contributes to the oxidative stress during plant-virus interaction. Through the oxidation of indole-2-acetic acid, the up-regulated peroxidases might be also responsible for growth reduction and malformations observed in virus-infected plants (Riedle-Bauer 2000).…”

Modulation of host plant immunity by Tobamovirus proteins

“…Accumulation of ROS in the apoplast/cell wall compartments takes place early after the activation of the hypersensitive response (HR) (Sagi and Fluhr, 2001). Accumulation of ROS was also observed during viral compatible interactions (Riedle-Bauer, 2000;Love et al, 2005;Inaba et al, 2011;Manacorda et al, 2013). Moreover, in some plantvirus interactions, necrotic symptoms are associated with an increase of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production (Inaba et al, 2011;Manacorda et al, 2013).…”