Role of Prostaglandins in Gastroduodenal Mucosal Protection

Adenosine: An immune modulator of inflammatory bowel diseases

“…In addition, they also promote mucous secretion and cytoprotection in the gastrointestinal tract during IBD [85,88] . Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was also reported to suppress glucose transport in the ovine intestine [90] . Leukotrienes have been demonstrated to inhibit electrolyte transport in a similar pattern to prostaglandins [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] .…”

Effects of Bovine α-Lactalbumin on Gastric Defense Mechanisms in Naive Rats

“…10) However, the mechanism of these gastroprotective eŠects has not yet been fully elucidated. Defense mechanisms of gastric mucosa include activation of PG synthesis, [11][12][13] stimulation of mucus 11,14) and bicarbonate secretion, 11,15,16) increasing gastric ‰uid volume, 17,18) and inhibition of gastric motility (emptying and contraction). [19][20][21][22][23][24] In this study, we assumed that a-LA enhances these defense mechanisms and strengthens the gastric mucosa before exposure to damaging factors, and then investigated the eŠects of a-LA on gastric defense in naive rats.…”

“…[11][12][13]17,22) In a previous study, we showed that a-LA has protective eŠects on gastric mucosa through both PG-dependent and PG-independent processes. 10) In this study, our results suggest that a-LA causes stimulation of PG synthesis and mucus secretion, which is known to be regulated by PG.…”

Misoprostol—a Logical Therapeutic Approach to Gastroduodenal Mucosal Injury Induced by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs?

“…However, despite considerable research, the mechanisms of mucosal protection still remain unclear. Current conceptual emphasis is on increased cellular resistance mechanisms (49) and improved mucosal regenerative capacity to explain the mucosal protective effects of PGs (50). For example, histological studies ( 5 1,52) have demonstrated that, while PGs did not prevent destruction of the superficial epithelium during ethanol-induced damage, preservation of the deeper epithelium did occur and restitution of the superficial epithelium was more rapid in PG-treated animals than controls.…”

“…This has occasionally led to protective effects of misoprostol in man being attributed to effects on acid inhibition whilst it is probable that protective activities involving other mechanisms are operative, accounting for the differences in protective effects in the stomach between misoprostol(30,31) and specific acid-inhibiting drugs such as H,-antagonists (32-35) and omeprazole (53). Natural PGs play an important physiological role in maintaining the normal integrity of the G I mucosa, and the actions of misoprostol on mucosal resistance factors generally mimic those of the natural PGs (50). Thus, until the role of natural prostaglandins in the G I mucosa is clearly understood, the total mechanical make-up of the antiulcer action of misoprostol will remain undefined.…”