Role of pore size and morphology in musculo-skeletal tissue regeneration

Pérez, Román A.; Mestres, Gemma

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.087

Cited by 316 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…The stiffness of the tested scaffolds varied in the range of 1.6 to 9.0 GPa, which aligns with the stiffness range of the trabecular (0.4 GPa [59,60]) and cortical bones (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)24]). The yield stress values of the scaffolds were in the range of 53 to 392 MPa, which lies in the range of cortical bones MPa [24,61]), but it is not suitable for a replacement of trabecular bone, 2-17 MPa [60].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

115

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Abstract:Functionally graded lattice structures produced by additive manufacturing are promising for bone tissue engineering. Spatial variations in their porosity are reported to vary the stiffness and make it comparable to cortical or trabecular bone. However, the interplay between the mechanical properties and biological response of functionally graded lattices is less clear. Here we show that by designing continuous gradient structures and studying their mechanical and biological properties simultaneously, orthopedic implant design can be improved and guidelines can be established. Our continuous gradient structures were generated by gradually changing the strut diameter of a body centered cubic (BCC) unit cell. This approach enables a smooth transition between unit cell layers and minimizes the effect of stress discontinuity within the scaffold. Scaffolds were fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) and underwent mechanical and in vitro biological testing. Our results indicate that optimal gradient structures should possess small pores in their core (~900 µm) to increase their mechanical strength whilst large pores (~1100 µm) should be utilized in their outer surface to enhance cell penetration and proliferation. We suggest this approach could be widely used in the design of orthopedic implants to maximize both the mechanical and biological properties of the implant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

115

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“…Pore size and interconnectivity also improves nutrient diffusion into and waste diffusion out of scaffolds. 60 Scaffold vascularization, a critical component of tissue survival, has been shown to increase with increasing pore size; pore sizes between 160–270 µm resulted in extensive vessel formation in both mathematical and experimental models 3,13 . Osteoblast proliferation and migration through collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds also depends on pore size, with larger pores around 300 µm resulting in higher cell numbers throughout the scaffold 54 .…”

Section: 3d Printing For Craniofacial Bone Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printing Technologies for Craniofacial Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, and Regeneration

et al. 2016

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The treatment of craniofacial defects can present many challenges due to the variety of tissue-specific requirements and the complexity of anatomical structures in that region. 3D-printing technologies provide clinicians, engineers and scientists with the ability to create patient-specific solutions for craniofacial defects. Currently, there are 3 key strategies that utilize these technologies to restore both appearance and function to patients: rehabilitation, reconstruction and regeneration. In rehabilitation, 3D-printing can be used to create prostheses to replace or cover damaged tissues. Reconstruction, through plastic surgery, can also leverage 3D-printing technologies to create custom cutting guides, fixation devices, practice models and implanted medical devices to improve patient outcomes. Regeneration of tissue attempts to replace defects with biological materials. 3D-printing can be used to create either scaffolds or living, cellular constructs to signal tissue-forming cells to regenerate defect regions. By integrating these three approaches, 3D-printing technologies afford the opportunity to develop personalized treatment plans and design-driven manufacturing solutions to improve aesthetic and functional outcomes for patients with craniofacial defects.

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“…Moreover, both silicon phosphate and silicon calcium phosphate compounds are particularly interesting because of their bioactivity, defined as the ability of the material to develop a hydroxyapatite layer on its surface to bond to bone tissue [2]. Although the optimal pore size in scaffolds is still the subject of ongoing research and may range between 100 µm and 800 µm, an interconnected porous network that enhances cell proliferation, nutrient delivery, bone ingrowth and vascularisation, without causing an important detriment of its structural stability and mechanical properties, must be considered for a suitable design [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Machining and In Vitro Assessment of Wollastonite-Tricalcium Phosphate Eutectic Glasses and Glass-Ceramics

Sola

Grima

2018

Materials

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Bioactivity and ingrowth of ceramic implants is commonly enhanced by a suitable interconnected porous network. In this work, the laser machining of CaSiO3‒Ca3(PO4)2 biocompatible eutectic glass-ceramics and glasses was studied. For this purpose, 300 µm diameter craters were machined by using pulsed laser radiation at 532 nm with a pulsewidth in the nanosecond range. Machined samples were soaked in simulated body fluid for 2 months to assess the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the laser machined areas. The samples were manufactured by the laser floating zone technique using a CO2 laser. Morphology, composition and microstructure of the machined samples were described by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and micro-Raman Spectroscopy.

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Role of pore size and morphology in musculo-skeletal tissue regeneration

Cited by 316 publications

References 152 publications

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

3D-Printing Technologies for Craniofacial Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, and Regeneration

Laser Machining and In Vitro Assessment of Wollastonite-Tricalcium Phosphate Eutectic Glasses and Glass-Ceramics

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