Laser Machining and In Vitro Assessment of Wollastonite-Tricalcium Phosphate Eutectic Glasses and Glass-Ceramics

Abstract

Bioactivity and ingrowth of ceramic implants is commonly enhanced by a suitable interconnected porous network. In this work, the laser machining of CaSiO3‒Ca3(PO4)2 biocompatible eutectic glass-ceramics and glasses was studied. For this purpose, 300 µm diameter craters were machined by using pulsed laser radiation at 532 nm with a pulsewidth in the nanosecond range. Machined samples were soaked in simulated body fluid for 2 months to assess the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the laser machined areas. The samples were manufactured by the laser floating zone technique using a CO2 laser. Morphology, composition and microstructure of the machined samples were described by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and micro-Raman Spectroscopy.

Wollastonite/TCP composites for bone regeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Beyond these properties, scaffolds can also modulate the inflammatory response at the implantation site [4,36], which reduces the chances of rejection of the biomaterial by the body. The contrast noticed in relation to the percentage of NB related to the contents of W and TCP association may be related to the fact that, according to some studies, the presence of W associated with TCP can adapt the chemical and mechanical properties of the biomaterial, which allows consolidating bone neoformation more quickly inside these composites [5,16,18,19,47]. On the other hand, Liu et al [31] observed a decrease in compressive strength in biomaterials with the highest percentage of W and suggested that smaller amounts of W keep the scaffold with stable density.…”

“…In addition to this factor, the higher NB percentage of composites containing W>TCP content ratio can be attributed to the fact that, when compared to other bone substitutes, W presents greater bioactivity by the effect of the release of calcium (Ca 2+ ) and silicate (SiO 3 2-) ions, substantial during the osteogenesis mechanism [1,5,6,17,18]. Moreover, the presence of SiO 3 2also induces proliferation, differentiation, and increased activity of osteoblasts and, consequently, promotes biomineralization, elementary events during bone repair [2,16,19,20,31,50]. However, high concentrations of Si appear to cause cell death [20,43].…”

“…When obtained synthetically, it presents stable physical-chemical characteristics, which allows 3 types found in nature: triclinic form, most common and predominant one; monoclinic parawollastonite (b-CaSiO 3 ), obtained at low temperatures; and triclinic pseudowollastonite (p-W), acquired at high temperatures above 1200 ºC [11,13,14], although p-W is a polymorphic silicate stable at temperatures higher than 1030 ºC [15]. For biomedical purposes, wollastonite (W) has been synthesized, processed and used in different formats and geometric shapes, such as metal alloy coatings, microspheres, granules, and sintered or non-sintered porous 3D scaffolds [6,16] due to its bioactivity, resulting from the substantial release of calcium (Ca 2+ ) and silicate (SiO 3…”

Generation of a Porous Scaffold with a Starting Composition in the CaO–SiO2–MgO–P2O5 System in a Simulated Physiological Environment

“…The choice of one or another ceramic material depends on the kinetics of HAp deposition, the degradation rate, or the enhanced mechanical behavior if load bearing properties are required. It is also well known that the presence of Ca, Mg, and Si ions can influence proliferation and osteogenesis-related gene expressions in the different stages of osteoblastic differentiation in a way that is favorable in the process of bone remodeling [13,14].…”

Ultrafast Laser Inscription of Buried Waveguides in W-TCP Bioactive Eutectic Glasses

“…Laser materials processing is a versatile tool for materials synthesis, modification and structuring involving in many cases multidisciplinary approaches. Laser technology has been studied in the search for novel applications in research fields such as optics, photonics, energy, microelectronics, aerospace and biomedicine [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”