“…Scientific reasoning refers to the set of thinking skills involved in conceiving and conducting an investigation, which includes making hypotheses or predictions, doing experiments, interpreting results, evaluating data characteristics and drawing conclusions (Pedaste et al, 2015). These skills start developing around age 4, mostly through play or by observing others (Akman & Güchan Özgül, 2015;Buchsbaum, Gopnik, Griffiths, & Shafto, 2011;Cook, Goodman, & Schulz, 2011) and are cultivated further in elementary education and beyond, where both direct instruction and inquiry-based teaching methods provide rich opportunities for children to advance in scientific reasoning (Sandoval, Sodian, Koerber, & Wong, 2014).…”