Role of Nitric Oxide in the Enhancement of Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures Caused by<i>Shigella dysenteriae</i>

Balter-Seri, Judith; Yuhas, Yael; Weizman, Abraham; Nofech-Mozes, Yehuda; Kaminsky, E; Ashkenazi, Shai

doi:10.1128/iai.67.12.6364-6368.1999

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the course of its intestinal anti-inflammatory action, the flavonoid quercitrin inhibits inducible NO synthase, an action that could lead to the reduction of mucus-coated stools and bloody diarrhoea as well as a reduction in aggressiveness, because NO is responsible for the behavioural changes. 21,22 In another way, the antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous extract of M. oppositifolium may occur through its bacteriostatic effect, as observed in vitro and in vivo. The fact that the plant extract stabilized bacterial density could be of importance because rapid destruction of microorganisms in vivo could lead to endotoxinic shock, resulting in high faeces frequency, as observed with norfloxacin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could lead to a decrease in the frequence of wet faeces. In the course of its intestinal anti‐inflammatory action, the flavonoid quercitrin inhibits inducible NO synthase, an action that could lead to the reduction of mucus‐coated stools and bloody diarrhoea as well as a reduction in aggressiveness, because NO is responsible for the behavioural changes 21,22 . In another way, the antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous extract of M. oppositifolium may occur through its bacteriostatic effect, as observed in vitro and in vivo .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MALLOTUS OPPOSITIFOLIUM ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE A₁‐INDUCED DIARRHOEA IN RATS

Kamgang¹,

Pouokam²,

Fonkoua

et al. 2006

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. Mallotus oppositifolium is reported to possess medicinal properties and is traditionally used in Cameroon for the treatment of diarrhoea. In the present study, we have evaluated the acute toxicity, in vitro antibacterial and in vivo antidiarrhoeal effects of an aqueous extract of these plant leaves. 2. Shigella dysenteriae A(1) (Sd1)-induced diarrhoeal rats were obtained by oral administration of increasing densities of the Sd1 strain isolated from bloody diarrhoea occurring in East Cameroon. When diarrhoea appeared, rats were treated for 5 consecutive days with 120, 240 or 360 mg/kg extract or norfloxacin (5.7 mg/kg). The weight and frequencies of faeces, as well as the number of Sd1, were assessed during the treatment period and the death rate was recorded. 3. The M. oppositifolium extract was not toxic. In vitro, the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of the extracts were 1,172 and 9,375 microg/mL, respectively. In vivo, 12 x 10(8) Sd1 provoked diarrhoea within 24 h, which was characterized by soft or liquid stools, that were moulded, smooth and mucus or blood coated. Diarrhoea went along with an increase in faeces weight and frequency (P < 0.001 by the 3rd day), as well as an increase in the bacterial population to a maximum on the 2nd day after infection (P < 0.05). The death rate was 67% by day 6. 4. Whereas norfloxacin significantly (P < 0.01) reduced Sd1 growth, M. oppositifolium extracts (240 and 360 mg/kg) restored bacterial growth to its initial density and no deaths were recorded. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in stools weight and frequency with 240 mg/kg extract. 5. The results suggest that M. oppositifolium leaves could be a therapeutic alternative for bacterial aetiological diarrhoea in Central Africa, where multidrug supply and access to modern health centres are public health problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MALLOTUS OPPOSITIFOLIUM ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE A₁‐INDUCED DIARRHOEA IN RATS

Kamgang¹,

Pouokam²,

Fonkoua

et al. 2006

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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“…The severity of convulsions was scored as follows: Each phase was given a numeric score: unresponsiveness = 0, mild contractions = 1, clonic seizures = 2, tonic seizures = 3 and death = 4. The response of each animal was scored according to the highest phase reached and mean severity score was calculated for each group [ 20 ]. All the treated groups were compared with vehicle treated controls respectively in order to determine the significant anti-convulsant activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐Convulsant Activity of Boerhaavia diffusa: Plausible Role of Calcium Channel Antagonism

Kaur

Goel

2011

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“Ethnopharmacological” use of roots of Boerhaavia diffusa (B. diffusa) in the treatment of epilepsy in Nigerian folk medicine and reports showing the presence of a calcium channel antagonistic compound “liriodendrin” in its roots, led us to undertake the present study. The study was designed to investigate the methanolic root extract of B. diffusa and its different fractions including liriodendrin-rich fraction for exploring the possible role of liriodendrin in its anti-convulsant activity. Air-dried roots of B. diffusa were extracted with methanol by cold maceration. The methanol soluble fraction of extract thus obtained was successively extracted to obtain liriodendrin-rich fraction and two side fractions, that is, chloroform fraction and phenolic compound fraction. Anti-convulsant activity of methanolic extract (1000, 1500 and 2000 mg kg−1, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and its different fractions, that is, liriodendrin-rich fraction (10, 20 and 40 mg kg−1, i.p., chloroform fraction (20 mg kg−1, i.p.) and phenolic compound fraction (1 mg kg−1, i.p.) were studied in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures (75 mg kg−1, i.p.). The crude methanolic extract of B. diffusa and only its liriodendrin-rich fraction showed a dose-dependent protection against PTZ-induced convulsions. The liriodendrin-rich fraction also showed significant protection against seizures induced by BAY k-8644. These findings reiterated the anti-convulsant activity of methanolic extract of B. diffusa roots. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the observed anti-convulsant activity was due to its calcium channel antagonistic action as this activity was retained only in the liodendrin-rich fraction, which has additionally been confirmed by significant anti-convulsant activity of liriodendrin-rich fraction in BAY k-8644-induced seizures.

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“…This action, since NO is responsible for the behavioural changes, could lead to the reduction in aggressiveness as well as the reduction of mucus-coated stool and bloody diarrhea. [32,33] In addition to its use in diarrhea, E.prostrata is also traditionally used for the control of diabetes; the presence of tannins, polysaccharides, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids (and alkaloids) in the extract probably explain its effect in this disease. E. prostrata extract progressively reduced the Sd1 density in the faeces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia prostrata ait on Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats

et al. 2007

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Aim: Aim: Euphorbia prostrata (Euphorbiaceae) is traditionally used in Cameroon for the treatment of many diseases, including diarrhea. We investigated the acute toxicity and effect of the aqueous ethanol extract of the plant on gastrointestinal propulsion, in vitro bacterial growth and in vivo bacillary dysentery. Materials and Methods: Materials and Methods: Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 12 × 10 8 Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1) cells. Diarrheic rats were treated for 5 days with 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg extract or 20 mg/kg norfloxacin. The faeces frequencies and the number of Sd1 were assessed and the death rate recorded. Results: Results: The aqueous ethanol extract of E. prostrata was not toxic. In vitro, the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of the extract were 3,500 and 12,000 µg/ml, respectively. In vivo, diarrhea went along with increase in faeces frequency (P < 0.01 by the 3 rd day), increase in the bacterial population to a maximum on the 2 nd day after infection (P < 0.01). The death rate in diarrheic control group was 100% by day 6. E. prostrata extracts (20 and 40 mg/kg), like norfloxacin, reduced the bacterial growth (P < 0.01), so that by the 6 th day Sd1 density was <100 and no death was recorded. There was a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in faeces frequencies. The extract exhibited notable (P < 0.01) inhibition of intestinal propulsion. Conclusion: Conclusion: The results suggest that E. prostrata possesses bactericidal and antidiarrheic properties and could be a therapeutic alternative for diarrheas of bacterial etiology.

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Role of Nitric Oxide in the Enhancement of Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures Caused byShigella dysenteriae

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MALLOTUS OPPOSITIFOLIUM ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE A₁‐INDUCED DIARRHOEA IN RATS

ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MALLOTUS OPPOSITIFOLIUM ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE A₁‐INDUCED DIARRHOEA IN RATS

Anti‐Convulsant Activity of Boerhaavia diffusa: Plausible Role of Calcium Channel Antagonism

Activity of aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia prostrata ait on Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats

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Role of Nitric Oxide in the Enhancement of Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures Caused byShigella dysenteriae

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MALLOTUS OPPOSITIFOLIUM ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE A1‐INDUCED DIARRHOEA IN RATS

ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MALLOTUS OPPOSITIFOLIUM ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE A1‐INDUCED DIARRHOEA IN RATS

Anti‐Convulsant Activity of Boerhaavia diffusa: Plausible Role of Calcium Channel Antagonism

Activity of aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia prostrata ait on Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats

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ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MALLOTUS OPPOSITIFOLIUM ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE A₁‐INDUCED DIARRHOEA IN RATS

ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MALLOTUS OPPOSITIFOLIUM ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE A₁‐INDUCED DIARRHOEA IN RATS