ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MALLOTUS OPPOSITIFOLIUM ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE A₁‐INDUCED DIARRHOEA IN RATS

Abstract

1. Mallotus oppositifolium is reported to possess medicinal properties and is traditionally used in Cameroon for the treatment of diarrhoea. In the present study, we have evaluated the acute toxicity, in vitro antibacterial and in vivo antidiarrhoeal effects of an aqueous extract of these plant leaves. 2. Shigella dysenteriae A(1) (Sd1)-induced diarrhoeal rats were obtained by oral administration of increasing densities of the Sd1 strain isolated from bloody diarrhoea occurring in East Cameroon. When diarrhoea appeared, rats were treated for 5 consecutive days with 120, 240 or 360 mg/kg extract or norfloxacin (5.7 mg/kg). The weight and frequencies of faeces, as well as the number of Sd1, were assessed during the treatment period and the death rate was recorded. 3. The M. oppositifolium extract was not toxic. In vitro, the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of the extracts were 1,172 and 9,375 microg/mL, respectively. In vivo, 12 x 10(8) Sd1 provoked diarrhoea within 24 h, which was characterized by soft or liquid stools, that were moulded, smooth and mucus or blood coated. Diarrhoea went along with an increase in faeces weight and frequency (P < 0.001 by the 3rd day), as well as an increase in the bacterial population to a maximum on the 2nd day after infection (P < 0.05). The death rate was 67% by day 6. 4. Whereas norfloxacin significantly (P < 0.01) reduced Sd1 growth, M. oppositifolium extracts (240 and 360 mg/kg) restored bacterial growth to its initial density and no deaths were recorded. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in stools weight and frequency with 240 mg/kg extract. 5. The results suggest that M. oppositifolium leaves could be a therapeutic alternative for bacterial aetiological diarrhoea in Central Africa, where multidrug supply and access to modern health centres are public health problems.

Effects ofOxalis barrelieriL. (Oxalidaceae) aqueous extract on diarrhea induced byShigella dysenteriaetype 1 in rats

“…In vitro antimicrobial study showed an inhibitory activity of extract against Sd1 growth. Minimal inhibitory concentration and MBC values of O barrelieri aqueous extract were high compared to norfloxacin MIC value (0.5 to >256 μg/L), although they are closer to those reported for other plant extracts, eg, 0.8 mg/mL with the methanol extract of Picralima nitida , 1.17 mg/mL with aqueous extract of Mallotus oppositifolium , and 3.5 mg/mL with aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia prostrata ait . These results are probably due to the fact that this crude extract might contain less active compounds against this bacterial strain.…”

“…The animals from which the stool cultures were positive were excluded. After verifying that the rats were not carrying Sd1 , diarrhea was induced by orally administering to each rat a solution of 1.2 × 10 9 saline‐diluted Sd1 cells …”

“…After verifying that the rats were not carrying Sd1, diarrhea was induced by orally administering to each rat a solution of 1.2 × 10 9 saline-diluted Sd1 cells. 12,[30][31][32] When diarrhea appeared (26 h after administration of Shigella inoculum), the rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 animals each.…”

Antityphoid and radical scavenging properties of the methanol extracts and compounds from the aerial part of Paullinia pinnata

“…This solution (1 ml), containing about 10 8  CFU was orally administered to each animal (Kamgang et al 2006). Only infected animals were selected on the basis of their fecal colony counts and used.…”

Preparative isolation and purification of two amides from Mallotus lianus Croiz by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography

“…Pharmacological researches have shown that natural products from Mallotus had various bioactivities including anticarcinogenic [9], antiallergic [12], antibiotic [13], antioxidative [16], anti-inflammatory [18], anti-HIV [19], and antidiarrhoeal [20] activities. However, few amides were isolated in the genus of Mallotus as its constituents [21], although amides with an interesting variety of amine moieties showed considerable biological activities such as against prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis [22], DNA-specific KB cell cytotoxicity [23], and pesticidal activity [24].…”