Activity of aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia prostrata ait on Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats

Abstract

Aim: Aim: Euphorbia prostrata (Euphorbiaceae) is traditionally used in Cameroon for the treatment of many diseases, including diarrhea. We investigated the acute toxicity and effect of the aqueous ethanol extract of the plant on gastrointestinal propulsion, in vitro bacterial growth and in vivo bacillary dysentery. Materials and Methods: Materials and Methods: Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 12 × 10 8 Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1) cells. Diarrheic rats were treated for 5 days with 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg extract or 20 mg/kg norfloxacin. The faeces frequencies and the number of Sd1 were assessed and the death rate recorded. Results: Results: The aqueous ethanol extract of E. prostrata was not toxic. In vitro, the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of the extract were 3,500 and 12,000 µg/ml, respectively. In vivo, diarrhea went along with increase in faeces frequency (P < 0.01 by the 3 rd day), increase in the bacterial population to a maximum on the 2 nd day after infection (P < 0.01). The death rate in diarrheic control group was 100% by day 6. E. prostrata extracts (20 and 40 mg/kg), like norfloxacin, reduced the bacterial growth (P < 0.01), so that by the 6 th day Sd1 density was <100 and no death was recorded. There was a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in faeces frequencies. The extract exhibited notable (P < 0.01) inhibition of intestinal propulsion. Conclusion: Conclusion: The results suggest that E. prostrata possesses bactericidal and antidiarrheic properties and could be a therapeutic alternative for diarrheas of bacterial etiology.

<p><em>Shigella</em>: Antibiotic-Resistance Mechanisms And New Horizons For Treatment</p>

“…In one study, the effect of aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia prostrata was investigated in vitro and in vivo on bacterial growth of S. dysenteriae type 1 and found to be effective against Shigella isolates, with MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration of 3,500–12,000 µg/mL 157. The preventive role of orally administered Aloe barbadensis Miller ( Aloe vera )–supplemented probiotic lassi (APL) was determined for S. dysenteriae infection in mice, with a significant ( P <0.05) decrease found in Shigella counts (log CFU/mL) and immunoprotective effects of APL against S. dysenteriae 158.…”

Green Synthesis of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Euphorbia prostrata Extract Shows Shift from Apoptosis to G 0 /G 1 Arrest followed by Necrotic Cell Death in Leishmania donovani

“…Leaf extracts of E. prostrata exhibit antibacterial, nematicidal, and antiparasitic activities (17). Anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenols, phlobatannins, polysaccharides, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids have been isolated from the leaf extract of E. prostrata (18). The flavonoids are promising compounds for controlling human and animal parasitic diseases (19).…”

Antibacterial Activity of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) against Shigella flexneri

“…It was found that the MIC of EGCG against S. flexneri was lower than most of the other antibacterial substances, for example, gallic acid’s MIC value against planktonic S. flexneri cells was 2 mg/mL, while the MIC value of polyphenolic extracts of edible flowers of Sesbania grandiflora was 0.028 mg/mL against planktonic S. flexneri [ 1 , 36 ]. In previous research, an aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia prostrata was tested for its ability to suppress S. dysenteriae type 1 bacterial activity, both in vitro and in vivo, and it was found to be effective against Shigella isolates with MICs of 3500–12,000 μg/mL [ 37 ]. NPs commonly cause harm to bacterial targets, destroy membrane-loaded cells and their integrity, and release free oxygen radicals.…”