Role of niacin supplementation in dairy cattle: A review

Abstract

Niacin (Vitamin B 3 ) is significantly important for the metabolism of animals and human beings due to its incorporation into the coenzymes NAD and NADP. For dairy cows, the microbial synthesis of niacin in the rumen is an important source besides its availability from feed and endogenous formation. This vitamin is involved in various energy-yielding pathways and for synthesis of amino acid and fatty acid; for which it is important for milk production. Supplementation of niacin has beneficial effects on growth of cattle. The production performance of dairy cows fed with niacin at 6g/day may not be satisfactory, but supplementation of 12g of niacin per head per day can increase milk production by about 1lb. An optimistic return on asset is possible if the supplementation is limited to high producing early lactation cows. Supplementing the dairy animals with a dose of 6-12g of niacin will not only protect them from various metabolic diseases but will also help them defend from severe heat stress; ultimately leading to augmentation of their health, production potential and economy.

Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism of Dairy Cows in a Total Mixed Ration or Pasture-Based System During Lactation

“…Specifically, adaptations of glucose metabolism (Bell and Bauman, 1997) and the molecular events underlying insulin resistance (De Koster and Opsomer, 2013), one of the most significant mechanisms in high yielding dairy cows, have been extensively studied and led to different nutritional strategies (Grum et al, 1996). Alongside, the study of early lactation negative energy balance has clarified the molecular basis of pathologies associated to the transition period such as ketosis (Adewuyi et al, 2005;McArt et al, 2013) and fatty liver (Han van der Kolk et al, 2017) which have led to research in nutrition (Ingvartsen, 2006;Ingvartsen and Moyes, 2013) as well as supply of particular feedstuffs (Pinotti et al, 2003;Chung et al, 2009;Niehoff et al, 2009;Corbin and Zeisel, 2013;Jayaprakash et al, 2016;Panda et al, 2017).…”

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares

“…Additionally, pasture samples were not collected and analysed for niacin content and time has lapsed for these samples to be collected. The majority of niacin found in pasture is present in its bound form and therefore unavailable for absorption (Panda et al, 2017). Rather, bacterial populations in the hindgut are thought to be responsible for the conversion of bound NA to other metabolites that are excreted or absorbed and available for use by cells.…”

Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients

“…The vitamin B3 complex comprises two common forms; nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and a third recently discovered form; nicotinamide riboside [48]. Both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are identified in the LC-MS/MS analysis used in the present study, though nicotinamide is present in substantially higher concentrations in bovine milk than nicotinic acid as the latter is converted to the amide form in the rumen [49]. The average concentration of nicotinic acid in ingredients derived from TMR was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those from CLV, while the nicotinamide concentration of TMR-derived ingredients was significantly higher than those derived from GRS ( Table 1).…”