Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients

Abstract

The influence of diet on the water-soluble vitamin composition of skim milk powder and whey protein ingredients produced from the milk of cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets was examined. Fifty-one Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned into three diets (n = 17) consisting of outdoor grazing of perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover (CLV), or indoor feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) for an entire lactation. Raw mid-lactation milk from each group was processed into skim milk powder and further processed to yield micellar casein whey and acid whey. Sweet whey was also produced by renneting of pasteurised whole milk from each system. The water-soluble vitamin profile of each sample was analysed using a combination of direct injection mass spectrometry and reverse-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Vitamin B3 and B3-amide concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in TMR-derived samples than in those from CLV and GRS, respectively. Vitamin B1, B2, and B7 concentrations were significantly higher in GRS and CLV-derived samples than those from TMR. Significant differences in vitamins B1, B2, and B3-amide were also observed between protein ingredient types. This study indicates that bovine feeding systems have a significant effect on B vitamin composition across a range of protein ingredient types.

Compositional and functional properties of milk and dairy products derived from cows fed pasture or concentrate‐based diets

“…Magan et al. (2020) compared the water‐soluble B vitamin composition of skim milk, sweet whey, micellar casein whey and acid whey powders produced from mid‐lactation milk derived from cows assigned to the GRS, CLV and TMR diets previously described. Concentrations of vitamin B1 (thiamine), riboflavin and vitamin B7 (biotin) were significantly higher in both GRS‐ and CLV‐derived ingredients compared to those from TMR, which contained higher levels of vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid) and B3‐amide (nicotinamide), with significant variation also present between ingredient types.…”

“…However, by depression of rumen cellulolytic microflora, sub‐clinical acidosis arising from concentrate over‐feeding can lead to insufficient synthesis of thiamine (Pan et al., 2018) and biotin (Rosendo et al., 2003). The ability to influence the relative abundance of vitamins in milk through dietary means is an important nutritional consideration, as standard portions of milk and dairy products offer a significant proportion of the RDA for some vitamins (Magan et al., 2020).…”

The Impact of Seasonality in Pasture-Based Production Systems on Milk Composition and Functionality

“…They have however demonstrated correlations with dietary intake. Both vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and vitamin B7 (biotin) are present in higher proportions in skimmed milk powder (SMP) produced by milk derived from pasture diets (perennial ryegrass and perennial ryegrass with white clover) than a TMR diet [ 193 ]. The reduced synthesis of thiamine and biotin in cows consuming TMR is for the most part caused by the more acidic conditions present [ 194 , 195 ].…”

“…Increasing the forage to concentrate ratio of the animals dietary intake has therefore been shown to increase biotin concentrations in milk [ 194 ]. The larger proportion of riboflavin in milk derived from pasture-based diets was attributed to its presence in noticeably larger proportions in grass than in cereal grains [ 193 ]. Larger vitamin B3 (in both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide forms) content has been exhibited in TMR derived milks than milks derived from pasture-based diets as a result of cereal grains being a large dietary source of vitamin B3 [ 193 , 197 ].…”

Microbiological aspects of type C pasteurized milk marketed in the cariri region of the State of Ceará

“…Milk is a food product obtained by complete and interrupted milking of medium and large ruminant animals, rested, healthy and well fed (Brasil, 2011). Presents essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and proteins of high biological value (Magan et al 2020;Mandrioli et al 2020;Poulsen et al 2015).…”