Role of Inflammatory Cell Responses in Stimulating Fibroblasts in Diabetic Oral Ulcer after Treatment with Liquid Smoke of Coconut Endocarp: A Histological Assessment

Ernawati, Diah Savitri; Surboyo, Meircurius Dwi Condro; Ayuningtyas, Nurina Febriyanti; Nagoro, Ayu Anggraini Broto

doi:10.1055/s-0040-1715913

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The healing process requires a faster inflammatory response and a shorter inflammatory phase to provide faster tissue regeneration. The application of CS-LS is able to increase the number of fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes continuously after three days, up to seven days, except for the number of neutrophils that increase after three days, up to five days, but then decrease by the seventh day (Ernawati et al, 2020). In addition, the topical administration of liquid smoke from rice husk for three, five, and seven days showed a higher number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts (Arundina et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The topical administration of liquid smoke increased the number of fibroblasts compared to the five-day administration of BHCI . A seven-day duration increased the number of fibroblasts compared to five days (Ernawati et al, 2020).…”

Section: Increased the Fibroblastsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The topical administration of liquid smoke increased the number of neutrophils compared to a seven-day administration of BHCI (Ernawati et al, 2020).…”

Section: Increased the Neutrophilsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review

Surboyo¹,

Ernawati²,

Arundina³

et al. 2021

J Pharm Pharmacogn Res

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Context: The standard management of oral ulcer therapy is focused only on symptomatic therapy, such as reducing pain. To date, there is no topical drug that has the pharmacodynamics to intervene in oral ulcer pathogenicity. Liquid smoke is traditionally used as a safe natural preservative. The liquid smoke is highly phenolic and compound rich. It is presumed to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with potentially promising therapeutic effects on oral ulcers. Aims: To describe the possible pharmacodynamics or action mechanism of liquid smoke as a promising remedy for oral ulcer therapy. Methods: A comprehensive literature review on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Embase was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The keywords used included ‘liquid smoke’, ‘wood vinegar’, ‘liquid pyrolysis’ and ‘oral ulcer’. A screening process, including titles, abstracts and full texts, was performed. Eight related articles were selected to describe the possible pharmacodynamics or mechanism action of the liquid smoke originating from coconut shells and rice hulls for oral ulcer remedies. Results: Liquid smoke from coconut shell and rice husk is highly contained phenol, guaiacol and 2-methoxy-5-methylphenol (2-EMP). These compounds are antioxidants that can bind reactive oxygen species and increase cellular responses, inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production while increasing macrophage differentiation to M2. The increase of M2, with help from lymphocytes, can secrete various growth factors, which can accelerate the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagens needed in the healing process of oral ulcers. Conclusions: Liquid smoke pharmacodynamics inhibit both inflammatory and proliferation pathway stimulation, which promises remedies for oral ulcers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Increased the Fibroblastsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review

Surboyo¹,

Ernawati²,

Arundina³

et al. 2021

J Pharm Pharmacogn Res

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“…The phenolic compound is responsible for this process because it is able to increase the inflammatory cell response and inhibit the production of proinflammatory mediators. 31 32 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenolic compound is responsible for this process because it is able to increase the inflammatory cell response and inhibit the production of proinflammatory mediators. 31,32 Another reason for this effect of rice husk liquid smoke is its ability to inhibit Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the progression of periodontitis. 1 Phenolic compounds are known to disturb the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and cause the intracellular fluids to leak.…”

Section: Markermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Rice Husk Liquid Smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontitis

et al. 2021

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Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of rice husk liquid smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in the inflammatory and proliferation marker such as nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), collagen type 1 (COL-1) expression, and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts. Materials and Methods Rice husk liquid smoke is obtained by the pyrolysis process. Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in 20 μL phosphate-buffered saline containing 1 × 109 CFU was injected into the lower anterior gingival sulcus of Wistar rats. The periodontitis was then treated with 20 μL/20 g body weight of rice husk liquid smoke once a day for 2 and 7 days, respectively. After treatment, the bone and lower anterior gingival sulcus were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin–eosin staining. Results The treatment of periodontitis with rice husk liquid smoke showed a lower NF-kB, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression and a higher TGF-β, FGF2, and COL-1 expression than the control after treatment for 2 and 7 days (p < 0.05), respectively. The number of macrophages and fibroblasts was also higher when compared with the control group (p < 0.05), but the number of lymphocytes was lower than the control (p < 0.05). Conclusion Rice husk liquid smoke showed its effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis with a decrease in inflammatory markers and an increase in proliferation markers. The development of a rice husk liquid smoke periodontitis treatment is promising.

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Application of Stichopus hermanni Nanoparticle Gel in the Healing of Traumatic Ulcers

et al. 2023

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Objective The aim of this research was to investigate the use of Stichopus herrmanni nanoparticle gel on the ulcer healing process by observing blood vessels, fibroblasts, and Collagen type-I (COL-1) expression on the 4 and 7th days after trauma. Materials and Methods Gold sea cucumber (Stichopus herrmanni) powder was processed by freeze-drying method, then by high-energy milling to form nanoparticle size, and then with CMC 2% to make hydrogel. Traumatic ulcers were formed by induction using a burner. Five groups of male Wistar rats, each consisting of six tails, were divided into a negative control group that was given a placebo, the positive control group was given 0.2% hyaluronic acid, and the treatment group was given gold sea cucumbers with concentrations of 0.135, 0.27, and 0.54% (SH1-SH2-SH3). Fibroblast and blood vessels were examined with hematoxylin-eosin on day 3 and 7, while COL-1 expression was examined with immunohistochemistry on day 7. The rats' mucosa was taken on the 3rd and 7th days after the traumatic ulcer was formed. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance followed by a post-hoc test with a p less than 0.05. Results Nanoparticles gel freeze-drying of Stichopus herrmanni increased blood vessels on day 3. Angiogenesis continued to occur, which resulted in increased fibroblast and COL-1 expression on day 7. Conclusions The application of Stichopus herrmanni nanoparticle gel at 0.27% effectively increased the number of blood vessels, fibroblasts, and COL-1 expression in healing traumatic ulcers.

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Role of Inflammatory Cell Responses in Stimulating Fibroblasts in Diabetic Oral Ulcer after Treatment with Liquid Smoke of Coconut Endocarp: A Histological Assessment

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review

The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review

The Effects of Rice Husk Liquid Smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontitis

Application of Stichopus hermanni Nanoparticle Gel in the Healing of Traumatic Ulcers

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