Role of HIV-1 subtype C envelope V3 to V5 regions in viral entry, coreceptor utilization and replication efficiency in primary T-lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages

Sundaravaradan, Vasudha; Das, Suman; Ramakrishnan, Rajesh; Sehgal, S; Gopalan, Sarla; Ahmad, Nafees; Jameel, Shahid

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-4-126

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…[51][52][53] Compared to other subtypes, subtype C has also been shown to replicate and be transmitted more efficiently. [54][55][56] Hence, there is a need to address subtype C-specific research questions rather than extrapolating and applying subtype B findings if curbing of the pandemic is to be realized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Env gp120 Sequences Among Four Drug-Naive Families Following Subsequent Heterosexual and Vertical Transmissions

Duri

Gumbo²,

Kristiansen³

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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To characterize phylogenetic relatedness of plasma HIV-1 RNA subtype C env gp120 viral variants capable of establishing an infection following heterosexual and subsequent vertical transmission events a 650-base pair fragment within the C2-V5 subregion was sequenced from four HIV-1-infected families each consisting of biological parent(s), index children (first), and subsequent (second) siblings. None of the family members had received antiretroviral therapy at the time of sample collection. Sequence alignment and analysis were done using Gene Doc, Clustal X, and MEGA software programs. Second siblings' sequences were homogeneous and clustered in a single branch while first siblings' sequences were more heterogeneous, clustering in separate branches, suggestive of more than one donor variants responsible for the infection or evolution from founder variant(s) could have occurred. While the directionality for heterosexual transmission could not be determined, homogeneous viral variants were a unique characteristic of maternal variants as opposed to the more heterogeneous paternal variants. Analysis of families' sequences demonstrated a localized expansion of the subtype C infection. We demonstrated that families' sequences clustered quite closely with other regional HIV-1 subtype C sequences supported by a bootstrap value of 86%, confirming the difficulty of classifying subtype C sequences on a geographic basis. Data are indicative of several mechanisms that may be involved in both vertical and heterosexual transmission. Larger studies are warranted to address the caveats of this study and build on the strengths. Our study could be the beginning of family-based HIV-1 intervention research in Zimbabwe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Env gp120 Sequences Among Four Drug-Naive Families Following Subsequent Heterosexual and Vertical Transmissions

Duri

Gumbo²,

Kristiansen³

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…Essas regiões estão associadas a um aumento na taxa de replicação do vírus nos linfócitos T primários e nos macrófagos derivados de monócitos, resultando em um aumento da carga viral -que favorece a disseminação -, além de uma progressão mais rápida da doença nos indivíduos infectados com esse subtipo. 23 Essa situação provavelmente também ocorre com a CRF31_BC, na medida em que a maior parte do genoma é do subtipo C, com uma pequena inserção do B na região do gene da transcriptase reversa. 14,19 A esse aspecto soma-se um forte efeito fundador, pois o subtipo C e o recombinante CRF31_BC estão circulando há mais de 20 anos no RS, tendo sido introduzidos em etapas iniciais da epidemia da Aids no estado.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Prevalência de subtipos do HIV-1 em amostra de pacientes de um centro urbano no sul do Brasil

et al. 2010

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OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência dos subtipos do HIV-1 e analisar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de 80 pacientes adultos HIV-positivos atendidos em serviço especializado em DST/Aids em Canoas, RS, no período de julho de 2008 a janeiro de 2009. A determinação dos subtipos do HIV foi realizada por amplificação de fragmento do genoma viral pela reação em cadeia da polimerase seguida do seqüenciamento dos fragmentos amplificados. Variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais foram coletadas em questionário estruturado. Foi realizada análise estatística univariada utilizando os testes de qui-quadrado e t de Student. RESULTADOS: Foi observada uma prevalência maior do subtipo C (43,8%; IC 95%: 32,9;54,6), seguida pelo CRF31_BC (35,0%; IC 95%: 24,6;45,5) e subtipos B (18,8%; IC 95%: 10,2;27,3) e F (2,4%; IC 95%: 0;5,9). Outros subtipos de HIV-1 não foram observados. Pacientes infectados com CRF31_BC apresentaram diagnóstico mais recente do que os pacientes infectados com o subtipo B (p < 0,05). Observou-se também maior freqüência de co-infecção com outros vírus (hepatites B e C e T-linfotrópicos humanos) nos indivíduos portadores do CRF31_BC do que nos demais subtipos. Com relação aos aspectos sociodemográficos, não foram observadas diferenças na distribuição dos subtipos e formas recombinantes quanto ao sexo e práticas sexuais. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos indicam uma freqüência maior do subtipo C e do CRF31_BC nesse centro urbano do sul do Brasil, com possíveis vias de transmissão diferentes.

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“…[11] It is important to understand this subset of individuals and their ability to control viral load than to assess them on the basis of the number of CD4 cells alone. The fact that this patient did not transmit the disease to his spouse for 9 years of marriage and nearly 15 years observation indicates that the viral load had been low until he visited in 2008.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow progressor of human immunodeficiency virus: 20 years follow-up of a case from North India

Sehgal

Minz

Saikia

et al. 2014

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

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A case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from North India is described with a 20-year follow-up. Patient first reported in 1993 when he was detected HIV positive, remained healthy without treatment, married in 1999 and did not transmit the disease to his children or his wife and was lost to follow-up. He was thought to be an elite controller. After 15 years of the initial visit, his CD4 cells, however, were found to be low, with a viral load of 10,000/copies/ml. He was negative for human leukocyte antigen B57 and B27 alleles with a normal expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 on CD4 cells. Lymphocytes showed a significant production of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon γ, but not of interleukin (IL)-2, IL4 or IL10. It is possible that gut infection, common in India, could have triggered T cell activation in the ensuing years, resulting in activation of HIV. The case illustrates the significance of long-term follow-up of these patients for timely institution of anti-retroviral therapy.

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Role of HIV-1 subtype C envelope V3 to V5 regions in viral entry, coreceptor utilization and replication efficiency in primary T-lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Env gp120 Sequences Among Four Drug-Naive Families Following Subsequent Heterosexual and Vertical Transmissions

Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Env gp120 Sequences Among Four Drug-Naive Families Following Subsequent Heterosexual and Vertical Transmissions

Prevalência de subtipos do HIV-1 em amostra de pacientes de um centro urbano no sul do Brasil

Slow progressor of human immunodeficiency virus: 20 years follow-up of a case from North India

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