Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Hormones in Bioactive Compounds Production in Medicinal Plants via In Vitro Culture Technique

Abstract

The natural compounds produced in plants are classified into two major groups (Primary and secondary metabolic compounds). These compounds are the precursor materials for thecompounds of the second group, which are represented by secondary metabolites, most of which produce from three main compounds: shikimic acid, acetate, and fatty acids. Primary metabolites are the basic units in the metabolism of secondary compounds. Tissue cultures of plants are used to produce large quantities of secondary metabolic products, although cultures of callus and cell suspensions often do not produce higher levels of the whole plant. Therefore, some technologies were used to increase the production of secondary metabolites by plant tissue culture techniques through the selection of high-production cells. The growth of plant cells in tissue cultures occurs when the requirements for division and growth are available for them from nutrients, growth regulators, and any other additives that all affect the metabolic activities within the cells. To achieve optimal productivity of secondary metabolites, it is preferable to produce cells in a medium that is optimal for increasing biomass. Plant growth regulators such as auxins and cytokinins affect cell division, various metabolic processes, and plant growth in tissue cultures.

THE INFLUENCE OF SHALLOT SOLUTION ON COLEUS (Plectranthus Scutellarioides (L.)) SEEDLING

“…ABA (abscisic acid) is a plant hormone formed from the breakdown of the carotenoid pigment violaxanthin, a 40-carbon molecule. The addition of growth hormones such as auxins and cytokinins can stimulate an increase in the production of secondary plant metabolites (Ibrahim, 2022). Wang et al (2018) stated that auxin is essential for average plant growth and development, especially concerning the ARF-Aux/IAA interaction.…”

Plant Tissue Culture and Formation of Secondary Metabolites - A Review

“…Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium were utilized. Quercetin has been used as an antiviral and anti-asthmatic agent [37][38][39], as shown in Figure 4. Phenols, terpenoids, isoprenoids, and flavonoids were created as secondary metabolites.…”

Effect of Carbon Sources and Tyrosine on the Accumulation of Bioactive Compound (Pyrethrins) in Chrysanthemum Hortorum

“…Adding some stimuli to the cell system helps increase the biosynthesis of some cellular compounds that can attain dividing into biotic and abiotic stimuli depending on their nature. Some studies have indicated the possibility of inducing callus production of active substances, such as increasing the production of alkaloids, saturated alkanes, flavonoids, and esters in plant cells when using abiotic stress factors causing stress (Ibrahim, 2022;Ewhayid et al, 2023).…”

“…An increase in the concentration of the type of sugar added to the nutrient medium beyond the specified amount constitutes stress in the tissue, and this, in turn, stimulates the production of some bioactive substances, accelerating the withdrawal process and the absorption of alkaloids metabolizing products. In addition to their contribution to constructing primary and secondary products involved in the structural pathways, they produce specific compounds in plants, which can be their estimation (Park et al, 2008;Ibrahim et al, 2022).…”