Role of Dopants in Organic and Halide Perovskite Energy Conversion Devices

Abstract

Doping serves as a vital strategy for tuning electronic and optoelectronic properties of semiconductors. Compared to organic semiconductors, the understanding and optimization of the doping process in halide perovskite semiconductors is still in its infancy. Nonetheless, there is a continuous surge in doping these semiconductors for performance enhancement. This perspective discusses the central role of dopants in organic and halide perovskite-based semiconductors used for energy conversion devices, particularly solar cells and thermoelectrics. We summarize various p-and n-type dopants explored for modifying the active layer in organic and perovskite devices, highlighting their challenges and limitations. Understanding doping-induced changes in electronic properties and their ramifications on device performance is essential for improving the device performance.

The role of A-site composition in the photostability of tin–lead perovskite solar cells

“…(18)(19)(20) The most common strategy to overcome this limitation consists of employing different additives or dopants, which help preventing the oxidation of Sn +2 or reduce the Sn +4 already present in the system. (9,21,22) Likewise, the selection of a stable HTL has become increasingly more important. The usual architecture for TLPSC is the p-i-n configuration, where PEDOT:PSS is the most common HTL so far.…”

Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Halide Materials for Photovoltaics towards Their Commercialization

“…The alignment of the valence and conduction bands of the perovskites with the transport layers of the HTLs and ETLs, respectively, is a critical factor for charge transfer and extraction. Some efforts have moved towards finding new materials for ETLs and HTLs, while others have investigated doping the layers to acquire enhanced properties [48]. Doping requires additives and solvents that may be hazardous, toxic, or harmful to the environment.…”

Factors Limiting the Operational Stability of Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Reducing the majority carrier concentration is an attractive alternative to increasing the diffusion lengths of CsFA compositions. For instance, the addition of Ba + ions creates shallow donor states that lessen the p-type character of CsFA perovskite, resulting in a diffusion length of 2.13 μm. , In this regard, interstitial, substitutional, or molecular dopants could be promising avenues to tune the majority carriers in CsFA compositions and boost their performance. ,, Therefore, strategies for improving the diffusion lengths of CsFA systems could benefit the development of high-performing and stable devices.…”

“…43,45 In this regard, interstitial, substitutional, or molecular dopants could be promising avenues to tune the majority carriers in CsFA compositions and boost their performance. 43,45,46 Therefore, strategies for improving the diffusion lengths of CsFA systems could benefit the development of highperforming and stable devices.…”