Ritanserin, Imipramine, and Placebo in the Treatment of Dysthymic Disorder

The Comparative Peripheral Anticholinergic-Like Adverse Event Profiles of Olanzapine and Risperidone

“…16 However, the relevance of this finding to the study's results is somewhat equivocal since ritanserin, a potent 5-HT 2A antagonist, has been only sporadically reported in clinical trials to produce anticholinergic-like effects (i.e., dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary problems). 17 Third, olanzapine's most potent receptor antagonist property is its blockade of the 5-HT 6 receptor, a receptor that risperidone could be anticipated to block in vivo only very weakly, if at all, at purported optimal dosages ≤ 6 mg/day. 18 In rodents, atropine has been demonstrated to reverse the effects of 5-HT 6 receptor antagonism, an observation that indicates that the 5-HT 6 receptor may have an important indirect regulatory role in the functioning of the cholinergic system.…”

Dysthymia: a review of pharmacological and behavioral factors

“…22 Owing to dysthymia's fluctuating and chronic nature, several studies evaluated the efficacy of antidepressants in the maintenance treatment of the illness. 152 Phenelzine Phenelzine Ͼ placebo Kocsis et al (1988) 133 Imipramine Imipramine Ͼ placebo Tyrer et al (1988) 153 Doxepin Doxepin Ͼ placebo Stewart et al (1989) 154,a Imipramine, phenelzine Imipramine Ͼ placebo; phenelzine = placebo; imipramine = phenelzine Costa-e-Silva et al (1990) 155 Amisulpride Amisulpride Ͼ placebo Bersani et al (1991) 148 Ritanserin Ritanserin Ͼ placebo Botte et al (1992) 141,b Moclobemide Moclobemide Ͼ placebo Versiani et al (1992) 137 Moclobemide, imipramine Moclobermide = imipramine Ͼ placebo Hellerstein et al (1993) 144 Fluoxetine Fluoxetine Ͼ placebo Stewart et al (1993) 136,a Imipramine, phenelzine Imipramine Ͼ placebo = phenelzine Versiani (1993) 143 Moclobemide, imipramine Moclobemide Ͼ placebo; imipramine Ͼ placebo Bakish et al (1993) 147 Ritanserin, imipramine Ritanserin = imipramine Ͼ placebo Kocsis et al (1994) 134 Sertraline, imipramine Sertraline = imipramine Ͼ placebo Thase et al (1996) 145 Sertraline, imipramine Sertraline = imipramine Ͼ placebo Vanelle et al (1997) 146 Fluoxetine Fluoxetine Ͼ placebo Lecrubier et al (1997) 156,a Amisulpride, imipramine Amisulpride = imipramine Ͼ placebo Versiani (1997) 114,a Moclobemide, imipramine Moclobemide Ͼ placebo; imipramine Ͼ placebo Boyer et al (1999) 157 Amisulpride, amineptine Amisulpride = amineptine Ͼ placebo Ravindran et al (1999) 22 Sertraline Sertraline Ͼ CBT = placebo…”

S32006, a novel 5-HT2C receptor antagonist displaying broad-based antidepressant and anxiolytic properties in rodent models

“…Moreover, mirroring their delayed onset of therapeutic efficacy, long-term administration of selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and certain other antidepressants progressively down-regulates 5-HT 2C receptors (Kennett et al 1994;Cowen 1998;Bristow et al 2000;Van Oekelen et al 2003). Third, 5-HT 2C receptor antagonists exert antidepressant properties in the forced swimming test in rodents, and antidepressant properties of the 5-HT 2 antagonist, ritanserin, have been documented in small-scale studies in humans (Bakish et al 1993;Millan 2005Millan , 2006. Finally, several classes of clinically active antidepressant antagonise 5-HT 2C receptors; the tricyclics, amitryptiline and clomipramine; the "atypicals", trazodone and nefazodone; the tetracyclics, mianserin and mirtazapine, and the innovative melatonin (MT 1 /MT 2 ) receptor agonist and 5-HT 2C antagonist, agomelatine Millan 2006;Olié and Kasper 2007).…”