Risk of introduction of lumpy skin disease in France by the import of vectors in animal trucks

Saegerman, Claude; Bertagnoli, Stéphane; Meyer, Gilles; Ganière, Jean‐Pierre; Caufour, Philippe; Clercq, Kris De; Jacquiet, Philippe; Fournié, Guillaume; Hautefeuille, Claire; Etoré, Florence; Casal, Jordi Domènech

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198506

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…It is hypothesized that wind could potently transport live virus or infected vectors long-distances, which would explain the large spatial jumps LSDV has been recently shown to make (Klausner et al, 2017). Wind has been reported to be positively associated with disease transmission (EFSA AHAW Panel, 2015; Saegerman et al, 2018), and negatively associated with disease occurrences (Saegerman et al, 2018). We found a negative effect of wind speed, where risk of LSDV is predicted to be reduced when winds are stronger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus

Machado

Korennoy

Álvarez³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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19Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an infectious disease of cattle transmitted by arthropod 20 vectors which results in substantial economic losses due to impact on production efficiency 21 and profitability, and represents an emerging threat to international trade of livestock 22 products and live animals. Since 2015, the disease has spread across many Eastern European 23 countries as well as Russia and Kazakhstan. This rapid expansion highlights the emergent 24 nature of the virus in more temperate regions than those in which LSDV traditionally 25 occurred. The goal of this study was to assess the risk for further LSDV spread in Eurasia 26 through a) analysis of environmental factors conducive for LSDV and b) estimate of the 27 underlying LSDV risk using a fine spatiotemporally explicit Bayesian hierarchical model on 28 LSDV outbreak occurrence information. We used ecological niche modeling to estimate the 29 potential distribution of LSDV outbreaks for 2014-2016. This analysis resulted in a spatial 30 representation of environmental limits where, if introduced, LSDV is expected to efficiently 31 spread. The Bayesian space-time model incorporated both environmental factors and the 32 changing spatiotemporal distribution of the disease to capture the dynamics of disease spread 33 and predict areas in which there is an increased risk of LSDV occurrence. Variables related to 34 the average temperature, precipitation, wind speed, as well as land cover and host densities 35 were found to be important drivers explaining the observed distribution of LSDV in both 36 modeling approaches. Areas of elevated LSDV risks were identified mainly in Russia, 37 Turkey, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Results suggest that prevailing ecological conditions may be 38 compatible with further spread of LSDV in Eurasia, though models should be continually 39 updated to reflect the current epidemiologic conditions. The results presented here advance 40 our understanding of the ecological requirements of LSDV in temperate regions and may 41 help in the design and implementation of prevention and surveillance strategies in the region.42 43

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus

Machado

Korennoy

Álvarez³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It should be noted that there is a possible risk related to movements of vectors from affected areas, especially insects that travel with cattle in trucks, whose median risk is of the same order of magnitude as the median risk of introducing cattle during the summer. This median risk was estimated at 8.99 × 10 −4 (95% PI: 0.6 × 10 −4 and 59.3 × 10 −4 ) (Saegerman et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This median risk was estimated at 8.99 × 10 −4 (95% PI: 0.6 × 10 −4 and 59.3 × 10 −4 ) (Saegerman et al, 2018).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

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Risk of introduction of Lumpy Skin Disease into France through imports of cattle

Saegerman

Bertagnoli

Meyer

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The lumpy skin disease (LSD) virus belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus and causes a disease in cattle with economic impacts. In November 2014, the disease was first reported in Europe (in Cyprus); it was then reported in Greece (in August 2015) and has spread through different Balkan countries since 2016. Although vector transmission is predominant in at‐risk areas, long‐distance transmission usually occurs through movements of infected cattle. In order to estimate the threat for France, a quantitative import risk analysis (QIRA) model was developed to assess the risk of LSD being introduced into France by imports of cattle. Based on available information and using a stochastic model, the probability of a first outbreak of LSD in France following the import of batches of infected live cattle for breeding or fattening was estimated to be 5.4 × 10−4 (95% probability interval [PI]: 0.4 × 10−4; 28.7 × 10−4) in summer months (during high vector activity) and 1.8 × 10−4 (95% PI: 0.14 × 10−4; 15 × 10−4) in winter months. The development of a stochastic QIRA made it possible to quantify the risk of LSD being introduced into France through imports of live cattle. This tool is of prime importance because the LSD situation in the Balkans is continuously changing. Indeed, this model can be updated to process new information on the changing health situation in addition to new data from the TRAde Control and Expert System (TRACES, EU database). This model is easy to adapt to different countries and to other diseases.

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“…Adult house flies can act as reservoirs and carriers of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (Zurek and Ghosh 2014), as well as their larvae (Fukuda et al 2018). Stable flies are vectors of various economically damaging diseases in cattle, including lumpy skin disease virus (Saegerman et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larvicidal potential of the polyol sweeteners erythritol and xylitol in two filth fly species

Burgess

Geden

2019

Journal of Vector Ecology

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The house fly, Musca domestica (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), and the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), are two filth flies responsible for significant economic losses in animal production. Although some chemical control products target adults of both species, differences in mouthpart morphology and behavior necessitates distinct modalities for each. For these reasons, larvicides are an attractive means of chemical control. We assessed the potential of the polyol sweeteners erythritol and xylitol as larvicides to the house fly and stable fly. LC50 values of erythritol against 2nd instar larvae were 34.94 mg/g media (house fly) and 22.10 mg/g media (stable fly). For xylitol, LC50 values were 74.91 mg/g media (house fly) and 41.58 mg/g media (stable fly). When given a choice, neither species showed a preference for ovipositing in media treated with either sweetener at various concentrations or in media without sweetener. Significantly lower development from egg to adult was observed when the 2nd instar LC50 equivalent of each sweetener was present in the media compared to controls. Erythritol and xylitol both have larvicidal qualities, however their effective concentrations would necessitate creative product formulation and deployment methods to control all stages of developing flies.

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Risk of introduction of lumpy skin disease in France by the import of vectors in animal trucks

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Mapping changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus

Mapping changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus

Risk of introduction of Lumpy Skin Disease into France through imports of cattle

Larvicidal potential of the polyol sweeteners erythritol and xylitol in two filth fly species

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