Risk of introduction of Lumpy Skin Disease into France through imports of cattle

Saegerman, Claude; Bertagnoli, Stéphane; Meyer, Gilles; Ganière, Jean‐Pierre; Caufour, Philippe; Clercq, Kris De; Jacquiet, Philippe; Hautefeuille, Claire; Etoré, Florence; Casal, Jordi Domènech

doi:10.1111/tbed.13111

“…For several decades, lumpy skin disease was restricted to Africa wherein it led to several devastating pandemics in several countries, thereby threatening food security and consequently increasing poverty [22,23]. Clinically, all classical symptoms of LSD viz; fever, generalized skin nodules, enlargement of lymph nodes, anorexia, oedema of legs and lameness [6] were observed in most of the cases we observed in the outbreak in Ranch (India).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Isolation and characterization of lumpy skin disease virus from cattle in India

Kumar

¹

,

Chander

²

,

Kumar

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has devastating economic impact. During the last decade, LSD had spread to climatically new and previously disease-free countries, which also includes its recent emergence in the Indian subcontinent (2019). This study deals with the LSD outbreak(s) from cattle in Ranchi (India). Virus was isolated from the scabs (skin lesions) in the primary goat kidney cells. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequencing of LSD virus (LSDV) ORF011, ORF012 and ORF036 suggested that the isolated virus (LSDV/Bos taurus-tc/India/2019/Ranchi) is closely related to Kenyan LSDV strains. Further, we adapted the isolated virus in Vero cells, an alternative cell line that was found suitable for LSDV propagation. In addition, kinetics of viral DNA synthesis and one-step growth curve analysis suggested that LSDV initiates synthesizing its genome at ∼24 hours post-infection (hpi) with a peak level at ∼96 hpi whereas evidence of progeny virus particles was observed at 36-48 hours (h) with a peak titre at ∼120 h. This study reports the first successful isolation of LSDV in India, besides describing alternative cells for virus isolation (primary goat kidney cells) and in vitro propagation (Vero cells) as well as providing some insights on LSDV life cycle.Author SummaryThis study describes the first successful isolation of LSDV in India. Nucleotide sequencing of LSDV ORF011, ORF012 and ORF036 suggested that the isolated virus is closely related to Kenyan LSDV strains. This is in accordance with the previous (only) study, thereby suggesting that a single LSDV strain is circulating in India. For the first time, we employed primary goat kidney (PGK) cells for the isolation of LSDV, where PGK cells were found more sensitive for LSDV isolation as compared to the primary lamb testicle (PLT) and primary goat testicle (PGT) cells. We also adapted the isolated virus in Vero cells and demonstrated that Vero cells are also suitable for in vitro propagation of LSDV. Besides, we also provide some insights on the LSDV life cycle.

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“…For several decades, lumpy skin disease was restricted to Africa wherein it led to several devastating pandemics in several countries, thereby threatening food security and consequently increasing poverty [22,23]. Since the year 2000, it spread to several countries of the Middle East and was confirmed in Turkey in 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of lumpy skin disease virus from cattle in India

Kumar

¹

,

Chander

²

,

Kumar

³

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has devastating economic impact. During the last decade, LSD had spread to climatically new and previously disease-free countries, which also includes its recent emergence in the Indian subcontinent (2019). This study deals with the LSD outbreak(s) from cattle in Ranchi (India). Virus was isolated from the scabs (skin lesions) in the primary goat kidney cells. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequencing of LSD virus (LSDV) ORF011, ORF012 and ORF036 suggested that the isolated virus (LSDV/Bos taurus-tc/India/2019/Ranchi) is closely related to Kenyan LSDV strains. Further, we adapted the isolated virus in Vero cells. Infection of the isolated LSDV to Vero cells did not produce cytopathic effect (CPE) until the 4th blind passage, but upon adaptation, it produced high viral titres in the cultured cells. The kinetics of viral DNA synthesis and one-step growth curve analysis suggested that Vero cell-adapted LSDV initiates synthesizing its genome at ~24 hours post-infection (hpi) with a peak level at ~96 hpi whereas evidence of progeny virus particles was observed at 36–48 hours (h) with a peak titre at ~120 h. To the best of our knowledge, this study describes the first successful isolation of LSDV in India, besides providing insights into the life cycle Vero cell-adapted LSDV.

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“…Two studies examined the risk of introduction of LSDV via imported cattle (Saegerman et al., ; Taylor et al., ). Saegerman et al.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies examined the risk of introduction of LSDV via imported cattle (Saegerman et al, 2019;Taylor et al, 2019). Saegerman et al (2019) carried out a quantitative import risk assessment for the introduction of LSDV to France. By contrast, Taylor et al (2019) developed a generic framework for quantitative risk assessment for disease introduction but illustrated its use by applying it to the case of the introduction of LSDV to unaffected countries in Europe via imported cattle (Taylor et al, 2019).…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy skin disease epidemiological report IV: data collection and analysis

Calistri¹,

Clercq²,

Gubbins³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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In 2019, no lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks were reported in South‐Eastern Europe, the mass vaccination regional campaign with homologous LSD vaccine continued for the fourth year with over 1.8 million bovines vaccinated in the region, preventing further outbreaks since 2016. LSD outbreaks were reported in Turkey, including western Turkey, in Russia and in eastern Asia affecting China, Bangladesh and India for the first time. The use of homologous vaccine should be considered in the countries still affected in order to eliminate the virus. Besides passive surveillance, which is implemented in all the countries, active surveillance for early detection based on clinical examination could be conducted ideally during April–October every 5 weeks in at‐risk areas, based on possible re‐emergence or re‐introduction from affected neighbouring countries. Active surveillance for proving disease freedom could be based on serological testing (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) targeting 3.5% seroprevalence and conducted on a random sample of cattle herds on non‐vaccinated animals. LSD re‐emerged in Israel in 2019, after vaccination became voluntary. This shows that, if the virus is still circulating in the region, the reduced protection might result in re‐emergence of LSD. In case of re‐emergence, a contingency plan and vaccine stockpiling would be needed, in order to react quickly. From a study performed in Israel to test side effects of live‐attenuated homologous LSD vaccine, milk production can be reduced during 7 days after vaccination (around 6–8 kg per cow), without a significant loss in the 30 days after vaccination. Research needs should be focused on the probability of transmission from insect to bovine, the virus inactivation rate in insects, the collection of baseline entomological data, the capacity of vector species in LSDV transmission linked to studies on their abundance and the control of Stomoxys calcitrans being the most important vector in LSD transmission.

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Risk of introduction of Lumpy Skin Disease into France through imports of cattle

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Isolation and characterization of lumpy skin disease virus from cattle in India

Isolation and characterization of lumpy skin disease virus from cattle in India

Isolation and characterization of lumpy skin disease virus from cattle in India

Lumpy skin disease epidemiological report IV: data collection and analysis

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