Risk of adverse birth outcomes in populations living near landfill sites

Elliott, Paul; Briggs, David; Morris, Sara; Hoogh, Cornelis de; Hurt, Chris; Jensen, Tina Kold; Maitland, Ian; Richardson, Sylvia; Wakefield, Jon; Järup, Lars

doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7309.363

Cited by 246 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…18 In the United Kingdom, where around 80% of the population lives within 2 km of a solid waste landfi ll site, two large population-based studies found excess numbers of congenital defects that could not be explained by other possible causes, 5,6 even considering the infl uence of confounding variables and other methodological problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have examined possible associations with adverse outcomes from pregnancy, such as occurrences of congenital abnormalities, 2,5,6,12,14 Considering the lack of studies evaluating the risks relating to such areas within the Brazilian context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between living close to solid waste landfi ll sites and occurrences of cancer and congenital malformations among these populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Riscos à saúde em áreas próximas a aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos

Prado

2010

Rev. Saúde Pública

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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between living close to solid waste landfi ll sites and occurrences of cancer and congenital malformations among populations in their vicinity. METHODS:Deaths among people living in the municipality of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between 1998 and 2002 were selected and geocoded, according to selected causes. Over the period evaluated, there were 351 deaths due to liver cancer, 160 due to bladder cancer and 224 due to leukemia, among adults, 25 due to childhood leukemia and 299 due to congenital malformation, in areas close to landfi ll sites. Buffer zones of radius 2 km around the 15 sites delimited the areas exposed. Standardized mortality ratios for each outcome were analyzed in Bayesian spatial models. RESULTS:In a general manner, the highest values for the standardized mortality ratios were found in more central areas of the municipality, while the landfi ll sites were located in more peripheral areas. The standardized mortality ratios did not indicate any excess risk for people living in areas close to solid waste landfi ll sites in the municipality of São Paulo. For landfi ll sites in operation, there was a greater risk of bladder and liver cancer, and death due to congenital malformation, but without statistical signifi cance. CONCLUSIONS:No increase in the risk of cancer or congenital malformations was found in areas in the vicinity of urban waste dumps in the municipality of São Paulo. The weak associations and the imprecision of the estimates obtained did not allow any causal relationship to be established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riscos à saúde em áreas próximas a aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos

Prado

2010

Rev. Saúde Pública

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“…Two epidemiological studies reported a possible relationship between exposure to pesticides and hypospadias. Kristensen reported a moderate increase in the odds ratio (OR) for hypospadias in individuals exposed to farm chemicals (OR = 1.51, 95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.26) [66], and Weidner [67,68] A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t sites has been associated with a high incidence of hypospadias [69,70]. Similarly, an increased rate of hypospadias was reported in boys from parents exposed to dioxin after the Seveso industrial accident [71].…”

Section: Ii-1 Arguments For An Environmental Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypospadias: Interactions between environment and genetics

Kalfa

Philibert

Baskin

et al. 2011

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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“…In view of the limited locational accuracy of the data, a 2 km buffer zone was used: finer subdivision of distance from landfill sites (e.g. by constructing 1 km buffer zones) was not considered meaningful (Elliott et al, 2001a). The 2 km resolution used in this study was similar to or higher than that of previous studies (Dolk et al, 1998;Fielder et al, 2000) and at the likely limit of dispersion for landfill emissions to include both air and water pathways, and possible dispersion by birds or animals (WHO, 2000;Elliott et al, 2001a).…”

Section: Data Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer risks in populations living near landfill sites in Great Britain

et al. 2002

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Previous studies have raised concerns about possible excess risks of bladder, brain and hepatobiliary cancers and leukaemias near landfill sites. Several cancers have been implicated, but no consistent pattern has emerged. We present a large nationwide analysis of selected cancers near landfill sites in Great Britain. The base population comprised people living within 2 km of 9565 (from a total of 19 196) landfill sites that were operational at some time from 1982 to 1997, with populations living more than 2 km from a landfill as reference. Risks of cancers at the above sites were computed with adjustment for age, sex, year of diagnosis, region and deprivation. National post-coded registers provided a total of 341 856 640 person -years for the adult cancer analyses and 113 631 443 person -years for childhood leukaemia. There were 89 786 cases of bladder cancer, 36 802 cases of brain cancer, 21 773 cases of hepatobiliary cancer, 37 812 cases of adult leukaemia and 3973 cases of childhood leukaemia. In spite of the very large scale of this national study, we found no excess risks of cancers of the bladder and brain, hepatobiliary cancer or leukaemia, in populations living within 2 km of landfill sites. The results were similar if the analysis were restricted to landfill sites licensed to carry special (hazardous) waste. Our results do not support suggestions of excess risks of cancer associated with landfill sites reported in other studies.

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Risk of adverse birth outcomes in populations living near landfill sites

Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk of adverse birth outcomes associated with residence near landfill sites in Great Britain.

Cited by 246 publications

References 28 publications

Riscos à saúde em áreas próximas a aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos

Riscos à saúde em áreas próximas a aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos

Hypospadias: Interactions between environment and genetics

Cancer risks in populations living near landfill sites in Great Britain

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