Riscos à saúde em áreas próximas a aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between living close to solid waste landfi ll sites and occurrences of cancer and congenital malformations among populations in their vicinity. METHODS:Deaths among people living in the municipality of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between 1998 and 2002 were selected and geocoded, according to selected causes. Over the period evaluated, there were 351 deaths due to liver cancer, 160 due to bladder cancer and 224 due to leukemia, among adults, 25 due to childhood leukemia and 299 due to congenital malformation, in areas close to landfi ll sites. Buffer zones of radius 2 km around the 15 sites delimited the areas exposed. Standardized mortality ratios for each outcome were analyzed in Bayesian spatial models. RESULTS:In a general manner, the highest values for the standardized mortality ratios were found in more central areas of the municipality, while the landfi ll sites were located in more peripheral areas. The standardized mortality ratios did not indicate any excess risk for people living in areas close to solid waste landfi ll sites in the municipality of São Paulo. For landfi ll sites in operation, there was a greater risk of bladder and liver cancer, and death due to congenital malformation, but without statistical signifi cance. CONCLUSIONS:No increase in the risk of cancer or congenital malformations was found in areas in the vicinity of urban waste dumps in the municipality of São Paulo. The weak associations and the imprecision of the estimates obtained did not allow any causal relationship to be established.

Community Health Survey of Residents Living Near a Solid Waste Open Dumpsite in Sabak, Kelantan, Malaysia

“…Our study did not report a significant association between dumpsite exposure and cancer, supported by a study conducted for the urban waste dumps in the municipality of São Paulo [25] and a study conducted in Great Britain [26]. A systematic review concluded that there was inadequate evidence to link landfills with the occurrence of cancer [12,19].…”

“…This can lead to infertility, intrauterine death, spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies. An ecological study reported that residents living within approximately 3 km of the Nant-y-Gwyddon landfill site in South Wales had a significant two-fold increase of maternal risk of having baby with a congenital abnormality [23]; this finding was supported by a review by Guisti [7], in contrast with a study by Gouveia and do Prado [25]. Golberg et al reported that low birth weight was significantly elevated with the odd ratio of 1.2 among residents living within a 2 km radius from a municipal solid waste landfill in Montreal, Quebec [27].…”

Morbidity and mortality of people who live close to municipal waste landfills: a multisite cohort study

“…A study in Brazil evaluated the association between residence close to solid waste landfill sites and cancer mortality. 6 The exposed areas were defined using a 2-km buffer radius around 15 sites. Standardized mortality ratios were analysed in Bayesian spatial models.…”

Estudo comparativo da contaminação por micro-organismos patogênicos em resíduos domiciliares e de saúde em Uberlândia (MG)

“…Resíduo ou lixo pode ser qualquer material considerado inútil, supérfluo ou sem valor, gerado pela atividade humana, indesejado e descartado no meio ambiente (GOUVEIA & PRADO, 2010). De acordo com a norma brasileira NBR 10.004 (ABNT, 2004a, p. 1), "Resíduos Sólidos, são os resíduos nos estados sólido e semissóli-do, que resultam de atividades da comunidade, de origem industrial, doméstica, hospitalar, comercial, agrí-cola, de serviços e de varrição".…”