Risk management and vulnerability to sea level rise in Brazil, with emphasis to the legacy of the Metropole Project in Santos

Abstract

Sea Level Rise (SLR) poses a range of threats to natural environments and built infrastructure in coastal zones around the world. Coastal cities in Brazil are vulnerable to the effects of SLR and to the intensity of storms that induce more storm surges and coastal inundation. Studies on vulnerability of coastal cities in Brazil have been developed by multidisciplinary and multinational collaboration between teams of natural and social scientists. Perhaps the best example is the METROPOLE Project (An Integrated Framework to Analyze Local Decision Making and Adaptive Capacity to Large-Scale Environmental Change), a partnership between Brazil, United States and United Kingdom developed to evaluate how local government, stakeholders and citizens may decide about adaptation options related to SLR and extreme events projections. In this paper we show how some results of the METROPOLE project have been considered in the definition of public polices of climate change adaptation and for practical actions to increase resilience of Santos by reducing beach erosion, to reduce climate risk.

Socially-driven risk in a town of the Amazon coastal zone: the case of Vigia de Nazaré, in Pará state, Brazil

“…For a national RRD plan to be effective, it will be necessary to guarantee the balance of adaptive mechanisms (Ishiwatari and Surjan, 2019). In particular, studies of the risks of urbanization and environmental alterations of coastal towns, still largely ignored, will be essential for the adequate planning of strategies in the coastal environment (Marengo et al, 2022). Recent studies of the economic impacts of flooding (Cruz Primo and Rafaeli Neto, 2023), oil spills (Mussi et al, 2022) The municipalities located within most of the coastal zone of Pará, which are typically estuarine environments, generally have a relatively narrow coastal plain, with much less extensive mangroves than the eastern extreme of this littoral, and the neighboring areas of the state of Maranhão.…”

Hydrodynamical Numerical Modeling of Coastal Areas

“…Nowadays, society does not admit polluted coastal waters, contaminated beaches, areas of marine erosion, inadequate marine buildings, or deformed landscapes. Thus, the proper management of the environmental conditions in coastal regions becomes an essential part of its economic, social, leisure, and sport activities [3][4][5].…”