Risk factors of biliary tract cancer in a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan (JPHC study); with special focus on cholelithiasis, body mass index, and their effect modification

Ishiguro, Seiji; Inoue, Manami; Kurahashi, Norie; Sasazuki, Shizuka; Tsugane, Shoichiro

doi:10.1007/s10552-007-9067-8

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…After full-text review of the remaining 31 studies, two studies were excluded because one study did not report RR with the corresponding 95% CI and the other study did not provide sufficient data to calculate them. Thus, 14 (7,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47) cohort studies and 15 (19,(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61) case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Gan

et al. 2016

Obesity

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Objective: Epidemiological studies have repeatedly investigated the association between excess body weight and the risk of biliary tract cancer with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the associations between overweight and obesity and the risk of biliary tract cancer. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to August 2015 was conducted, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for additional relevant studies were manually searched. Results: Fourteen prospective cohort studies and 15 case-control studies were included in this metaanalysis. These studies included 11,448,397 participants (6,733 patients with gallbladder cancer [GBC] and 5,798 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer [EBDC]) with follow-up durations ranging from 5 to 23 years. Among overweight adults, the pooled RR was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.07-1.28) for GBC and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.39) for EBDC, and among people with obesity, the pooled RR was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.49-1.75) for GBC and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.21-1.81) for EBDC. Visual inspection of the funnel plots and the Begg's and the Egger's tests did not show enough evidence of publication bias. Conclusions: Integrated evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that excess body weight is associated with a significantly increased risk of GBC and EBDC.

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Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Gan

et al. 2016

Obesity

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“…Previous studies of the association between smoking and BTC were inconsistent regardless of total BTC, 4,22,23,30 GBC, 16 or EHBDC. 15 Most of them were retrospective in design and did not stratify by drinking status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Associations between BTC and alcohol consumption=smoking have been investigated in a previous study using data from the same cohort. 4 The follow-up period was extended by around 8 years since then, and the number of cases has increased, which enabled the present study to perform more detailed analysis, including stratification by drinking status, analysis for each of the BTC subtypes, and the evaluation of dose response with smoking intensity or alcohol volume. To our knowledge, the sample size of the present study is the largest among the epidemiological studies that have investigated the association between BTC and smoking or alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of BTC is globally rare, but relatively higher in East Asia. 1 Chronic inflammation is strongly suggested as one of the major risk factors of BTC, [2][3][4] although its etiology is poorly understood due to its low incidence. IHBDC is a cancer that arises on a bile duct within a liver and is histologically equivalent to EHBDC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,19 A null effect of alcohol consumption on BTC has been shown in many of the previous studies. 4,15,[20][21][22][23] Furthermore, alcohol consumption may modify the effect of smoking on the liver and biliary tract, but it is not clear if the direction of modification is stimulating or inhibiting because ethanol may either induce enzymes that metabolize procarcinogen to carcinogen or enzymes that are responsible for detoxification of the produced + carcinogen. 24 The interaction in humans has not been wellstudied for biliary cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Risks for Biliary Tract Cancer and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer

Makiuchi

Sobue

Kitamura

et al. 2019

Journal of Epidemiology

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Background: Smoking and alcohol are established risk factors for several types of cancer, but the effects on biliary cancers, comprising biliary tract cancer (BTC) and intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBDC), have been inconclusive. Methods: In this population-based prospective cohort study in Japan, we investigated the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with the risks of BTC and its subtypes and IHBDC incidence in men and women. Furthermore, the association of smoking stratified by drinking status was investigated. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: A total of 48,367 men and 54,776 women aged 40-69 years were enrolled from 1990 through 1994 and followed up for 846,417 person-years in men and 1,021,330 person-years in women until 2012, during which 246 BTC and 80 IHBDC male cases and 227 BTC and 60 IHBDC female cases were identified. In men, smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of IHBDC (HR 2.25; 95% CI, 1.19-4.25 for current smokers with ≥30 pack-years compared with non-smokers), and the risk was enhanced among regular drinkers compared with non=occasional-drinkers (HR 3.48; 95% CI, 1.41-8.61). A nonsignificant increase of IHBDC risk associated with alcohol was observed. Neither smoking nor alcohol consumption was associated with BTC risk. In women, the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with IHBDC and BTC was unclear because current smokers and regular drinkers were very few. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that smoking increases IHBDC risk in men, especially among regular drinkers.

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Gallstone Disease

Gurusamy

Davidson

2019

Evidence‐based Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4e

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Risk factors of biliary tract cancer in a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan (JPHC study); with special focus on cholelithiasis, body mass index, and their effect modification

Abstract: Cholelithiasis was confirmed to be associated with the risk of biliary tract cancer, both gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Obesity may increase the risk of extrahepatic bile duct cancer only, independent of cholelithiasis.

Cited by 58 publications

References 31 publications

Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Risks for Biliary Tract Cancer and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer

Gallstone Disease

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