Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Li, Liqing; Gan, Yong; Li, Wenzheng; Wu, Chunmei; Lu, Zuxun

doi:10.1002/oby.21505

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Risk factors for gallbladder cancer are mainly related to chronic inflammation, infections or gallbladder pathologies such as gallstones, porcelain gallbladder, gallbladder polyps and biliary cysts . Other risk factors include female sex, advanced age, obesity, postmenopausal hormone replacement and parity …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should we consider gallbladder cancer a new smoking‐related cancer? A comprehensive meta‐analysis focused on dose–response relationships

Lugo

Peveri

Gallus

2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The few studies on the association of smoking with gallbladder cancer risk have given conflicting results. Here, we provide the most accurate and up-to-date quantification of the effect of cigarette smoking on gallbladder cancer risk, and investigate for the first time the dose-response relationships. Using an innovative approach for the identification of publications, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies published until March 2019 on the association of smoking with gallbladder cancer risk. Pooled relative risks (RRs) for smoking were estimated using random-effects models; one-stage randomeffects log-linear models were used for dose-response relationships. Out of 22 eligible articles, 20 (11 case-control and 9 cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis, for a total of 4,676 gallbladder cancer cases. Compared to never smokers, the pooled RR was 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.51) for current and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.94-1.23) for former smokers. The risk of gallbladder cancer increased linearly with smoking intensity and duration, the RR being 1.60 (95% CI: 1.21-2.11) for 30 cigarettes/day and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.01-1.56) for 30 years of smoking. There was a nonsignificant linear decrease in gallbladder cancer risk with increasing time since quitting, compared to current smokers. Former smokers reached the risk of those who had never smoked 20 years after quitting. This comprehensive meta-analysis suggests a moderately but significantly higher risk of gallbladder cancer for current but not former smokers. We also provide the first report of a linear increase in gallbladder cancer risk according to smoking intensity and duration.Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should we consider gallbladder cancer a new smoking‐related cancer? A comprehensive meta‐analysis focused on dose–response relationships

Lugo

Peveri

Gallus

2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Obesity contributes to the development of gall stones, and may therefore lead to gallbladder cancer. Li et al [102] showed that overweight people are characterized by a 20% higher gallbladder cancer risk, compared to people with normal weight, whereas for obese people this risk is higher by 60%. Considering gender, women are more prone to this type of cancer than men.…”

Section: Kidney Cancer Wang and Xumentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity as a tumour development triggering factor

Budny¹,

Grochowski

Kozłowski³

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. The overweight and obesity epidemic represents a rapidly growing threat to the health of populations in an increasing number of countries. Nearly one-third of the world's population has excess adipose tissue. Nowadays, obesity occurrence is so common that it is replacing more traditional problems, such as an undernutrition and infectious diseases, as the most significant causes of ill health. If the current trend continues, almost half of the world's adult population will be overweight or obese by 2030. Objective. The aim of this study is to show the connection between recent trends in body mass index, and the globally changing cancer profile. State of knowledge. A range of clinical and epidemiological studies have shown the relationship between excess body fat and the most frequently occurring malignancies. Obesity is associated with many cancers, such as: breast, colorectal, liver, lung, kidney, oesophageal, pancreatic, endometrium, ovarian, prostate, thyroid, and gallbladder cancer. Conclusions. In the light of this information, the study supports the claimed statement that obesity is one of the major health problems of the 21st century. Considering the increase in the number of obese people worldwide, it is necessary to develop a strategy allowing to prevent it. Fighting against unhealthy lifestyle in order to reduce overweight and obesity in society may have an essential impact on decreasing the number of incidences of cancer.

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“…However, data linking obesity to GBC are conlicting. A recent meta-analysis of 14 prospective cohort and 15 case control studies revealed that excess body weight is indeed a risk factor for GBC development [19].…”

Section: Incidence and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Gallbladder Cancer

Al-Alem¹,

Mattar²,

Madkhali³

et al. 2017

Updates in Gallbladder Diseases

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Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but fatal disease with an incidence of less than 5000 new cases per year in the United States. Less than 20% of GBC cases are diagnosed preoperatively. The remaining cases are diagnosed either after laparoscopic cholecystectomy or intraoperatively. GBC is discovered incidentally during histopathology following 0.25-3.0% of laparoscopic cholecystectomies; however, this constitutes 74-92% of all GBC. The most pivotal and important step is accurate patient staging. Staging dictates disease management and treatment options and predicts survival. Because of the fatality of GBC and its poor prognosis, atempts of curative surgery are limited to localized resectable disease.

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Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Cited by 40 publications

References 71 publications

Should we consider gallbladder cancer a new smoking‐related cancer? A comprehensive meta‐analysis focused on dose–response relationships

Should we consider gallbladder cancer a new smoking‐related cancer? A comprehensive meta‐analysis focused on dose–response relationships

Obesity as a tumour development triggering factor

Incidental Gallbladder Cancer

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