“…For example, the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GQLI) measures quality of life using several domains relevant to people with gastrointestinal disorders, such as gallstones [ 4 ]. Surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy, usually laparoscopic), is considered the most effective treatment for symptomatic gallstones [ 5 , 6 ], which can produce highly uncomfortable symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, bloating, and constipation [ 7 , 8 ]. English, German, Swedish, and Taiwanese versions of the GQLI have been validated for assessing the effects of gallstone disease and treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) [ 4 , 9 – 11 ], and the instrument is widely used to compare patients’ gastrointestinal-related health status pre and post cholecystectomy [ 8 , 12 , 13 ].…”