Risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in elderly patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus: A clinical study

Abstract

Objectives: To determine risk factors for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in elderly patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus.
 Methods: The elderly patients with Type-2 diabetes treated in the Central Hospital of Cangzhou were enrolled and divided into PAD group and non-PAD group between October 2016 and November 2019, The data of the patients including age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, white cell count, lymphocyte count, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, uric acid as well as living habits and complications of Type-2 diabetes mellitus were recorded to determine the risk factors for PAD.
 Results: One thousand four hundred seventy six (1476) patients were enrolled, in which 465 patients were included in group of PAD, and 1011 in non-PAD group. The univariate analysis revealed that the two groups significantly differed in age (p=0.003), course of T2DM (p=0.001), hypertension (p=0.006), smoking habits (p<0.001), hyperuricemia (p<0.01), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p<0.01), white cell count (p<0.001), lymphocyte count (p<0.001) and diabetic neuropathy (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, age (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.21-1.89), smoking habit (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19-1.68), hypertension (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15-1.98), diabetic neuropathy (OR: 3.55, 95% CI: 2.14-4.29), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.39-2.61) and hyperuricemia (OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.66-3.87) were significant risk factors for PAD.
 Conclusions: Age, smoking habit, hypertension, diabetic neuropathy, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in elderly patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus.
 doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2906
 How to cite this:Shou Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li S. Risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in elderly patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus: A clinical study. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2906
 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Ankle Brachial Index Screening for Peripheral Arterial Disease in Asymptomatic Diabetic Patients

“…Furthermore, nicotine in tobacco also tightens the blood vessels and reduces the blood flow in the arteries. This study agrees with Shaikh et al (9) and Shou et al (18) who showed that smoking was a risk for PAD in diabetic patients. In contrary, Aljarid et al (10) showed that no significant difference between both groups regarding smoking.…”

“…However, this was attributed to excess mortality in the underweight who had a history of smoking and obstructive lung disease. the current study agrees with Ana Tereza do Nascimento et al (20) regarding all-anthropometric measurements, with Shaikh et al (9) and Shou et al (18) regarding BMI and with Weragoda et al (15) regarding waist circumference and waist hip ratio. In contrary, Agboghoroma et al (13) showed that the higher BMI and the higher waist circumference were risk factors for PAD.…”

“…This study agrees with Agboghoroma et al (13) who showed that there was no significant difference between studied groups regarding hypertension. Against this study, Ghosh et al (11) and Shou et al (18) showed that hypertension was a significant risk factor for PAD in diabetics because elevated blood pressure leads to hardening of the blood vessels, which is known as atherosclerosis that results in development of PAD.…”

“…In contrast, Cornejo Del Río et al (21) showed no significant difference between studied groups regarding FBS and 2 hrPPBS. Moreover, Shou et al (18) reported that there was no significant difference regarding HBA1c%.…”

Diabetes and peripheral artery disease: A review

“…Inflammation, abnormalities in haemostasis and blood viscosity are known to contribute to the evolution and propagation of atherosclerosis, and their markers have been studied[ 33 - 35 ]. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hyperuricaemia, and hyperhomocysteinaemia are some of the non-traditional risk factors associated with PAD in the general population and in people with DM[ 18 , 19 , 36 - 38 ].…”