Risk factors for increased multiple sclerosis susceptibility in the Iranian population

Mansouri, Behnam; Asadollahi, Shadi; Heidari, Kamran; Fakhri, Mohammad; Assarzadegan, Farhad; Nazari, Maryam; Divani, Afshin A.

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2014.04.020

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The first report to suggest connection between MS and sunlight was the one by Goldberg et al (49). Several studies have suggested that reduced levels of vitamin D are associated with a higher risk of MS as serum levels of vitamin D have been found to be lower in patients than controls (50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56). Many studies have observed a correlation between season of birth and MS risk as is evident from the fact that there is lower sunlight intensity in winter when compared to summer, reflecting the possibility of an association between mother' s exposure to sunlight during pregnancy, vitamin D levels or its dietary intake, and MS susceptibility (57).…”

Section: Ms Risk and Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: An Update

Zahoor

Haq

2017

Multiple Sclerosis: Perspectives in Treatment and Pathogenesis

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-lasting inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system caused by an inappropriate attack of the body' s immune system on its own cells. To date, its etiology remains highly enigmatic, with insufficient evidence on the exact cause triggering the disease. Many studies have highlighted the role of different environmental and genetic factors in its etiopathogenesis, each adding a new wedge to MS conundrum and therefore making it a multifactorial and polygenic disease. One of the entrants in the risk factor category for MS is vitamin D, and there is sufficient evidence to suggest its role in increasing the risk of MS development. MS patients have lower levels of vitamin D, and in conjunction with other factors like low sunlight intensity and genetic variations in vitamin D metabolic pathway genes, vitamin D has been adjudged as a potent risk factor for MS. The biological effects of vitamin D in the body are mediated by the vitamin D receptor that acts as a transcription factor after activation by vitamin D and subsequent heterodimerization with the retinoid-X receptor. This allows regulation of protein expression of target genes involved in diverse cellular processes including immune response and vitamin D metabolism. It clearly suggests use of vitamin D supplementation as an unconventional option for MS treatment; however, much work needs to be done to precisely determine the level and/or dosage of vitamin D required for achieving optimum therapeutic response in patients without causing adverse effects.

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Section: Ms Risk and Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decreased MS susceptibility has been linked to early sunlight exposure in life, especially during childhood and adolescence (50)(51)(52). The graphical representation of the link between sunlight, vitamin D, and MS risk is shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Ms Risk and Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: An Update

Zahoor

Haq

2017

Multiple Sclerosis: Perspectives in Treatment and Pathogenesis

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Section: Elucidation Of the Role Of Oxidative Stress (Os) And Mitochomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of VD in MS is clearly evident because of the prevalence of MS in higher latitudes, where ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a source of VD, is of lower intensity compared to lower latitudes. [91][92][93][94][95][96] Indeed, epidemiological studies indicate that people with low VD levels have an increased risk of developing MS. 97,98 Research on animal models indicates that VD treatment promoted remyelination, protected against demyelination, and reduced microglia and macrophage activation. [99][100][101] Also, VD has a direct immunomodulatory effect on CD8+T cells of patients with early MS. 102 It plays a vital role in T-cell homeostasis during the course of MS. 103 In RRMS patients, elevated VD levels have been associated with an improved Treg function and with the tilting of the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2.…”

Section: Vitamin D (Vd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

On elucidation of the role of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis

Tobore

2019

Neurology & Clinical Neurosc

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex human neurodegenerative dysimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which is characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, loss of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity, neuronal loss, reactive astrogliosis, and oligodendrocyte depletion. It can result in physical disability and severe neurological and cognitive deficits. Research indicates that MS prevalence has significantly increased in many regions around the world since 1990. The specific elements that trigger MS remain unknown. In this paper, the critical role played by mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in MS pathogenesis, progression, and clinical symptoms are elucidated. Their interactions with the key factors in the disease, as well as treatment strategies, are discussed.

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“…Prior studies reported low vitamin D level in Iranian multiple sclerosis patients [12,13]. All of these reports have compared MS patients with healthy participants, but they have not considered the role of genetic factors in the development of MS disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Vitamin D Level in Iranian Multiple Sclerosis patients and their Siblings: A Case-Control Study

Karimialavijeh¹

2017

JNSK

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Objectives: To measure serum vitamin D level in multiple sclerosis patients (MS) patients and their healthy siblings. Results:We evaluated 31 MS patients and 31 healthy siblings. The mean vitamin D level in the cases and controls was 12.7± 5.5 ng/ml and 20.9±8.1 ng/ml, respectively. There was a significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between cases and controls (P< 0.001). Conclusion:In the present study Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in MS patients compared to that of healthy siblings. Nevertheless further research is needed to recommend routine vitamin D supplementation in MS patients.

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Risk factors for increased multiple sclerosis susceptibility in the Iranian population

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: An Update

Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: An Update

On elucidation of the role of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis

Serum Vitamin D Level in Iranian Multiple Sclerosis patients and their Siblings: A Case-Control Study

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