Background: Perihematomal edema (PHE) following primary intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) affects the patient outcome. Also, serum biomarkers such as S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have been associated with ICHs outcome. We aimed to investigate the association between these biomarkers and PHE in ICH patients.
Methods:In this cross-sectional study, patients with primary ICH between January 2020 and August 2020 were evaluated. All participants underwent spiral brain computed tomography scans upon admission, and 48 to 72 hours later and quantification of initial hematoma volume was performed. Serum level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), GFAP, and S100B on admission were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Acute clinical outcome was assessed by the modified-Rankin scale, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and ICH score.Results: Thirty-seven ICH patients (21 patients with a favorable outcome and 16 unfavorable) were studied. Compared with survival patients, nonsurvivor patients showed a higher serum level of MMP-9, VEGF, GFAP, and S100B (P < 0.05). Scores of absolute PHE, edema expansion distance, and PHE growth rate in the nonsurvivor group were higher than the survivors (P < 0.001). The regression model revealed that MMP-9, VEGF, ICH score, and hematoma volume were associated with the PHE growth rate. S100B and ICH score were associated with edema expansion distance.Conclusions: Our data showed that the serum level of molecular biomarkers was associated with higher PHE volume and PHE scores were higher in nonsurvival patients, suggesting it may have a pathogenic role in developing PHE after ICH.
Objectives: To measure serum vitamin D level in multiple sclerosis patients (MS) patients and their healthy siblings.
Results:We evaluated 31 MS patients and 31 healthy siblings. The mean vitamin D level in the cases and controls was 12.7± 5.5 ng/ml and 20.9±8.1 ng/ml, respectively. There was a significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between cases and controls (P< 0.001).
Conclusion:In the present study Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in MS patients compared to that of healthy siblings. Nevertheless further research is needed to recommend routine vitamin D supplementation in MS patients.
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