Risk Factors for Incident Myopia among Teenaged Students of the Experimental Class of the Air Force in China

Qi, Lishuang; Lu, Yao; Wang, Xuefeng; Shi, Jiumei; Liu, Yong; Wu, Teng-Yun; Zou, Zhikang

doi:10.1155/2019/3096152

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, other studies also using questionnaires have reported no differences in sleep duration in children and young adults with myopia compared with those without myopia. 30,51 Future studies utilizing objective measures of sleep with larger sample sizes and refractive error range may help to further understand whether sleep duration plays a role in eye growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in Myopic and Non-Myopic Children

Ostrin

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Vincent

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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To examine differences in sleep between myopic and non-myopic children. Methods: Objective measurements of sleep, light exposure, and physical activity were collected from 91 children, aged 10 to 15 years, for two 14-day periods approximately 6 months apart. Sleep parameters were analyzed with respect to refractive error, season, day of the week, age, and sex. Results: Myopic children exhibited differences in sleep duration by day of the week (P < 0.001) and season (P = 0.007). Additionally, myopic children exhibited shorter sleep latency than non-myopic children (P = 0.04). For all children, wake time was later (P < 0.001) and sleep duration was longer (P = 0.03) during the cooler season compared with the warmer season. On weekends, children went to bed later (P < 0.001), woke up later (P < 0.001), and had increased sleep duration (P < 0.001) than on weekdays. Younger children exhibited earlier bedtime (P = 0.005) and wake time (P = 0.01) than older children. Time spent outdoors was positively associated with sleep duration (P = 0.03), and daily physical activity was negatively associated with wake time (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Myopic children tended to have more variable sleep duration and shorter latency than non-myopic children. Sleep patterns were influenced by season, day of the week, age, time outdoors, and activity. Translational Relevance: Myopic children tended to have more variable sleep duration and shorter latency than non-myopic children, which may reflect previously reported differences in environmental and behavioral factors between refractive error groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in Myopic and Non-Myopic Children

Ostrin

Read

Vincent

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“…Te parents' background information included gender, educational background, age, history of myopia, and the current refraction. In this paper, the following items are included in the questionnaire as the collection of parents' perceptions of environmental factors: the daily outdoor activity time [5,[14][15][16], the indoor ambient light [9,17,18], sleep duration [10,11], the proper distance of near-vision work, and extracurricular classes (near-vision work burden in addition to schoolwork) [8,19]. Te preference for the follow-up period of the children's eye care was also included in the questionnaire.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Parents’ Background and Their Perception on the Progression of Myopia in Children

Tao

Chen

Tang

et al. 2022

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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Purpose. To study the influence of parents’ educational backgrounds and understanding on the progress of myopia in their offspring. Methods. Spherical equivalent refraction (SE) of the children (aged 6–14) in China was assessed with cycloplegic autorefraction in a two-year longitudinal study. The parents’ background information and myopia-related cognition were collected by questionnaires. Results. The offspring of parents with lower education and more myopic SE had higher myopic progression (mean = –1.42 ± 1.06) than the children of other groups ( P < 0.05 ). The parents’ understanding of the proper outdoor activity time, sleep duration, reading distance, and indoor illumination for children was not significantly correlated with the progression of myopia in their offspring. The parent’s preference for eye care visit frequency had a significant correlation with the myopia development of their children (r = 0.076, P = 0.001 ∗ ). The mean SE progression was −0.84 ± 1.37 and −0.58 ± 1.29 in the children whose parents considered that extracurricular classes would negatively affect myopia development progression and the children whose parents believed it would not, respectively ( P = 0.026 ∗ ). Conclusions. Most parents misunderstand the influence of insufficient outdoor sports time and extracurricular classes, which require extra near-vision work. Besides, for parents with low educational background and more myopic SE, their offspring had higher myopia progression and may be the key group for myopia control. Finally, parents may obtain life advice and knowledge related to preventing myopia after their children become myopic. It may be of positive significance if this process could take place before myopia onset.

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“…We randomly enrolled 85 participants aged 14-16y from a selected group of male teenage Chinese students in the Experimental Class of the Air Force [5][6] in November 2017 and followed them up for 2y until November 2019. The inclusion criteria were as follows: uncorrected Snellen visual acuity 20/20 or better in both eyes and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) between -0.25 and +2.00 D and cylindrical refraction not more than 1.00 D in both eyes.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peripheral refraction was measured with an open-field autorefractor (WAM5500; Grand Seiko, Hiroshima, Japan) [13,17] . The pupils were dilated by instilling one drop of 0.5% tropicamide-phenylephrine ophthalmic solution (Mydrin-P; Santen, Osaka, Japan) every 5min for 20min in both eyes [5] . The peripheral refraction examination was performed 20min after the drug administration.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although myopia is known to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors, the ocular components, such as the axial length, cornea, and crystalline lens, are regarded as the primary determinants of refractive error and are also related to myopia incidence and progression [3][4] . Our previous studies show that the incidence of myopia in high school students remains high and is related to low outdoor time and high near-work time [5][6] . It is necessary to predict the incidence of myopia in advance; however, reliable indicators of this condition are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Relative peripheral refraction and its role in myopia onset in teenage students

Qi¹,

Wang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To characterize peripheral refraction and its relationship with myopia development in a selected group of male teenage Chinese students. METHODS: This 2-year prospective cohort study randomly enrolled 85 non-myopic boys (age, 14-16y) from the Experimental Class of Air Force in China. Cycloplegic peripheral refraction was examined at 0°, ±10°, and ±20° along the horizontal visual field in the right eye at the baseline and 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: The incidence of myopia at the 2-year follow-up was 15.29% (13/85). The baseline central refraction (CR) and peripheral refraction at ±10° were significantly lower in students who developed myopia than in those who did not (P<0.05). Relative peripheral refraction (RPR) did not differ between students with and without myopia (P>0.05). At the 2-year follow-up, the RPR at ±10° and 20° nasal was significantly more hyperopic in the myopic group than in the non-myopic group. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the change in CR was significantly correlated with the changes in RPR at 20° nasal, 10° nasal, and 20° temporal. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that the baseline CR [odds ratio (OR): 0.092, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.012-0.688, P=0.020] and the baseline RPR at 10° nasal (OR: 0.182, 95%CI: 0.042-0.799, P=0.024) were significantly correlated with incident myopia (Omnibus test, χ2=10.20, P=0.006). CONCLUSION: CR change is significantly correlated with changes in RPR, and students who develop myopia have more relative peripheral hyperopia. More baseline CR and relative peripheral hyperopia at 10° nasal are protective of myopia onset.

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Risk Factors for Incident Myopia among Teenaged Students of the Experimental Class of the Air Force in China

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Sleep in Myopic and Non-Myopic Children

Sleep in Myopic and Non-Myopic Children

The Influence of Parents’ Background and Their Perception on the Progression of Myopia in Children

Relative peripheral refraction and its role in myopia onset in teenage students

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