Risk Factors for Failed Newborn Otoacoustic Emissions Hearing Screen

Abstract

Objective To identify any socioeconomic, demographic, neonatal, and perinatal factors that may be associated with failing the otoacoustic emissions (OAE) newborn hearing screen. Study Design A retrospective chart review was performed looking at hearing screens performed on 1272 newborn infants by OAE testing. Socioeconomic, demographic, neonatal, and perinatal factors were reviewed to determine association with failing the OAE newborn hearing screen. Results Our results demonstrate that Hispanic race was significantly associated with failing the newborn OAE hearing screen with an odds ratio of 2.54 (CI = 1.56-4.14, P = .0002). Family history of hearing loss was also significantly associated with failing the newborn hearing screen. Newborns with a family history of hearing loss were 13 times more likely to fail the newborn screen (odds ratio = 13.63, CI = 4.09-45.43, P < .0001). Conclusions Hispanic race and family history of hearing loss are statistically significant risk factors for failing the newborn OAE hearing screen.

The effects of mode of delivery, maternal age, birth weight, gender and family history on screening hearing results: A cross sectional study

“…We found a strong statistically significant association between family history of hearing impairment and failure in the first OAE. In common with our finding, Shahid et al [ 19 ] found on his retrospective chart review that 6 (50.0%) infants out of 12 who have a family history of congenital hearing loss failed the first OAE. On the other hand, just 102 (8.1%) infants out of 1158 without a family history of congenital hearing loss did not pass the test (P = 0.0002).…”

“…Likewise, Olusanya et al [ 24 ] stated that VD is associated with more than two-fold risk than a CD. On the other hand, Xiao et al [ 35 ] found that 89 (21.0%) CD infants failed the first test out of 423 infants while 74 (7.1%) VD infants out of 1037 failed the test, which means that the rate of failure was 3 fold in CD infants; also Smolkin et al [ 21 ] found that failure rate was 3.2 higher in CD infants compared to VD infants (20.7% vs. 7.1%).Notwithstanding, in our analysis, the difference between CD and VD was not statistically significant with the failure rate of first OAE, which is similar to Güven [ 4 ] and Shahid [ 19 ] findings. On the contrary, previous studies reported that VD is a statically significant risk factor for first OAE failure [ 24 , 34 , 36 ].…”

“…On the other hand, just 102 (8.1%) infants out of 1158 without a family history of congenital hearing loss did not pass the test (P = 0.0002). Also, Shahid et al [ 19 ] reported that the odds of first OAE failure rate of infants with a family history of hearing impairment were 11 times higher than the odds of infants without a family history. On the other hand, Karaca et al [ 36 ] and Bener et al [ 40 ] stated that a family history of hearing impairment wasn't statistically significant between the two groups.…”

“…Many factors can affect the test and are related to increasing screening failure rates in infants. These factors involve Hispanic race [ 19 ], familial hearing impairment [ 19 , 20 ], face or auricle deformity [ 20 ], middle ear effusion [ 20 ], secretions in the external ear canal [ 20 ], small for gestational age (SGA) status [ 21 ], male gender [ 21 ], epidural anesthesia during cesarean delivery (CD) [ 22 ], the CD itself [ 21 ], vaginal delivery (VD) [ 23 , 24 ], emergency CD [ 23 ], birth weight of less than 2500 g [ 21 ], Apgar score of less than 5 at 5 min [ 23 ], need for critical care, significant hyperbilirubinemia [ 23 , 24 ], and early-1st OAE before 24 h of age [ 21 , 25 ].…”

Indicadores de risco para a deficiência auditiva e aquisição da linguagem e sua relação com variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e obstétricas em bebês pré-termo e a termo

“…The results of that study found a significant association between altered screening and family history for hearing loss as well as the parents' "race". The authors found no significant association between the variables gender, gestational age, birth weight, maternal age, parity, prenatal, type of delivery, risk of hyperbilirubinemia, feeding of the baby, having health insurance and family income with "failure" in the auditory screening (19) .…”